VEHICLE, HARNESS, AND SADDLE 295 



The cow or Texas saddle is used exclusively for range work 

 and for rough riding in general throughout the West. Its fea- 

 tures are a heavy steel tree, a very high pommel surmounted with 

 a horn for roping, deep seat, very high eantle, heavy square skirts, 

 double cinch, no buckles, and heavy wooden or steel, hooded or 

 open stirrups. Seat. — Comparatively loose but balanced, 

 straight leg and long stirrup (Fig. 165). 



BEIDLES 



Riding bridles are snafEe, curb, or curb and snaffle. The 

 plain snaffle is used on race horses, some hunters, and ponies; 

 the curb alone in cavalry and police service and by stockmen ; 

 the curb and snaffle on either gaited or walk-trot-canter saddle 

 horses, some hunters, and polo ponies. 



A special hunting snaffle, witli double rein, one of which is 

 run through a ring martingale, is most commonly used on hunters. 



REVIEW 



1. Why do we presume that horses were ridden before they were 



driven ? 



2. What were the steps in the evokition of the wheeled vehicle ? 



3. Why does a wheeled vehicle require less traction than a stone boat? 



4. What is the effect of rubber tires on draft? 



5. Why are axle arms pitched? 



6. Why are wheels dished? 



7. How are vehicles classified? Give an example of each class. 



8. What are the three classes of harness and the essential features of 



each? 



9. What are the chief differences in the three types of saddles and the 



" seats " with which they are ridden ? 

 10. Name the types of riding bridles and the uses of each. 



