56 SYSTEMATIC POMOBOGY. 



of fruit, as the drupe, pome and akene, as well as several kinds 

 of fruiting bodies of which the most remarkable are the rasp- 

 berry and blackberry, composed of collections of drupes and 

 the strawberry with its fleshy receptacle. The true berry is 

 seldom found in this Order. There are three principal great 

 divisions with which the pomologist is concerned. 



I. Pi.UM Subfamily. — Consists of. trees or shrubs, with 

 simple leaves, stipules free from the petiole, -a calyx which is 

 deciduous after flowering, and a single .pistil, its ovary superior 

 and tipped with a slender style, containing a pair of ovules, 

 and becoming a simple drupe or stone-fruit. 



1. Pbxjnus. Calyx with a bell-shaped tube and 5 spreading lobes. 

 Petals 5, and stamens 3-5 times as many, or numerous, inserted on the 

 throat of the calyx. Flowers white or rose-color. 



II. Rose Subfamily. — Consists of herbs or shrubs, with 

 stipules either free from or united with the base of the petiole, 

 calyx persisting below or around the fruit, which is composed 

 of sometimes one, but commonly several or many distinct pistils. 



•*Ovaries few or many, single ovuled, becoming dry akens in fruit 

 above the open and mostly spreading calyx; stam,ens numerous. Pistils 

 numerous and heaped in a Mad; calyx augmented with additional outer 

 lobes or bractlets alternating with the 5 proper lobes; leaves mostly 

 compound. 



2. Feagaels.. Perennial, small, and stemless herbs, producing run- 

 ners after flowering. Leaves compound, of 3 leaflets. Calyx open, flat. 

 Styles short and lateral. Akens, naked, small, on the surface of an en- 

 larged pulpy edible receptacle. 



* * Ovaries several or many, g ovuled in fruit becoming fleshy or pulpy 

 and 1 -seeded, forming a head or cluster above the flat or widely open 

 simply 5-cleft calyx; stamens numerous; styles short, naked, at length ' 

 falling off. 



3. RuBus. Perennial herbs or shrubbery plants. Ovaries numerous, 

 in fruit pulpy (berry-like, or more properly drupe-like, the inner hard 

 part answering to the stone of a cherry or peach on a small scale), 

 crowded on the dry or fleshy receptacle. 



