DESCRIPTION. 19 



and may be given in comparative terms as long or short, or in 

 actual measurement. 



CoMBiifATioiT OF FoKMS. — Many of the forms given above 

 may be combined ; as round-oilate for many crab apples ; round- 

 conical for the Canada Red apple; ovate-conical; Wolf River 

 apple; or oblong-pyriform for the Bartlett pear; ohovate-tur- 

 binate for the Bloodgood pear, etc., etc. 



Modifying- Teems.— The forms given above are further 

 modified by several standard terms as, depressed meaning much 

 flattened, shortened or sunken, applied chiefly to the apex of, 

 small fruits and peaches. Compressed when the sides are 

 pressed in or much flattened, as in some drupes. Flattened at 

 the end is an expression frequently used in regard to the base 

 and apex of various fruits. Truncate is a term applied 

 when a flattened end is very abrupt. Parts are said to be ob- 

 tuse when rounded or blunt, and acute or accuminate, as in the 

 neck of a pear, when they taper to a point.. When the develop- 

 ment at the surface is irregular a fruit is said to be uneven. 

 When the unevenness is very marked the fruit is angular; if 

 in the nature of grooves the fruit is furrmuedj and if the fur- 

 rows are abrupt a fruit is ribbed. When any of the primary 

 forms are described evenly about a horizontal or vertical axis 

 a fruit is said to be regular or uniform j if the opposite be true 

 a fruit may be unequal, irregular, oblique or lop-sided. 



Characters of the Basiw. — The basin found in the pomes, 

 and thei point or apex corresponding to it in the drupes, fre- 

 quently have characters which are valuable distinguishing marks 

 in describing fruits. As a usual thing the markings of the 

 basin arid apex are fairly permanent and reliable. 



