130 MAMMALS OF UTAH 



The grizzly's cubs, usually two, almost hairless and 

 poorly formed, are born in the winter den in the middle of 

 January. They are ten inches long, 18 ounces in weight 

 and blind as well as helpless. The period of gestation is 

 about 266 days — from April 22 to January 13. 



The strength of a grizzly is shown by the fact that 

 one carried the carcass of a heifer for fifteen miles and 

 as fast as most men can run. Others have been seen to 

 carry a full grown pig in its forearms and mouth as easily 

 as a boy would carry a cat. 



BLACK BEAR 



URSUS AMERICANUS (Pallas) 



Ursus americanus Pallas, Spicileg. ZooL, fasc. XIV, 1780, p. 5. 



Description — The typical black bear of eastern America 

 is deep, glossy black everywhere, excepting the muzzle, 

 which is more or less brown, and the white spot sometimes 

 seen on the breast. As one nears the Mississippi various 

 shades of cinnamon brown are found, and in the Rocky 

 mountains fully a quarter of the bears are of the cinnamon 

 variety. This difference of color, however, does not mean 

 a difference of species ; they are mere freaks or sports of 

 the black race. A black bear may have cinnamon young 

 this year and black the next, or even one of each kind in the 

 same litter. So also a cinnamon mother may give birth to 

 either black or cinnamon young. (Seton.) Female of ave- 

 rage size : Snout to tail tip, 63.5 inches ; tail 5 ; hind foot, 

 7.25; height at shoulders, 25.5; weight, 227V^ pounds. 

 Black bears readily climb trees; but grizzlies cannot. 



Distribution — Clinton Milne informs me that there are 

 but few black bears in the St. George district, though sev- 

 eral are killed from time to time. Milton Moody killed one 

 in Pine Valley mountains a few years ago, which had cov- 

 ered three mountain ranges and killed many cattle and 

 sheep. B. E. Mattsson of Ephraim reports that seventy- 

 seven black bears have been killed in the Manti forest dur- 

 ing the past seven years; very few remain there. J. W. 

 Humphrey of Panguitch says that a few are found in the 

 inaccessible places of the Sevier forest and are not numer- 

 ous enough to be a menace to livestock. 



Black Bears are, however, fairly plentiful in the Vernal 

 country, according to William M. Anderson; and twenty 



