THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN 367 



milk for the retail trade. By selecting sires coming from families 

 yielding milk superior in quality as well as quantity, more favor- 

 able results may be expected than if no care in selection is 

 practiced. Owing to their size, the bulls should not be mated to 

 animals of smaller breed type. 



Holstein-Friesian oxen are in favor in some localities where 

 cattle are employed in draft work. Mr. James D. Avery of Mas- 

 sachusetts, who has long used them, testifies highly to the worth 

 of the breed for this purpose. A pure-bred ox of his, named 

 Jerry, at nine years old weighed 4365 pounds, stood 17I hands 

 high, was 10 feet 3 inches in girth and 15 feet 11 inches long. 



Advanced Registry Official testing of Holstein-Friesians was 

 established in 1898 for the purpose of placing the tests of milk 

 and butter-fat production on an impartial basis. The system pro- 

 vides for supervision of the testing by representatives of either 

 the state agricultural college or the state experiment station, 

 owners of the cows paying for the testing. Two classes of tests 

 are made, — official, where a special tester supervises all milkings 

 and tests for butter fat ; and semiofficial yearly records, where the 

 milk for at least two consecutive days each month is weighed and 

 tested for fat by the inspector, the daily milk records being 

 kept by the owner of the cow. The Holstein-Friesian Association 

 has especially emphasized short-period testing, notably seven and 

 thirty days. These short-time tests are not fair, for the reason 

 that many men specializing in such testing dry off their cows 

 prior to the test, make them as fat as possible, and thus get an 

 abnormal fat test through milking off the fat from the body. Cows 

 in high flesh yield a milk much richer in fat than is the case 

 under ordinary conditions. Yearly semiofficial tests meet with 

 favor and more nearly show the capacity of the cow. In Advanced 

 Registry Official (A. R. O.) testing cows of this breed, being heavy 

 yielders, are usually milked three or four times a day. In Holland 

 milking three times daily is a common custom. During the year 

 19 1 7 there were 9388 cows and heifers tested for seven days or 

 more. Up to 1919 nearly 68,000 animals had been admitted to 

 the Advanced Registry. 



The requirements for entry in the Holstein-Friesian Advanced 

 Registry are as follows : If the cow calves at two years of age or 

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