THE POLAND-CHINA 725 



Greene County, 1863 ; Noah Coler & Son, Liberty, 1868 ; James 

 Hankinson, Carlisle Station, 1870; L. N. Bonham, Oxford, 

 1871 ; and Edward and J. M. Klever, Bloomingburg, 1873. 



Characteristics of the Poland-China pig. The Iicad is of medium 

 length and breadth in good specimens, with a rather full jowl. 

 The/a<:^ is classed as straight, the nose and space from below 

 the eyes to nostrils being free of dishing. The checks tend to 

 be rounding and full and frequently are somewhat seamed. The 

 ears should be fine and break over at the top third into a neat droop ; 

 thick, heavily attached ears are objectionable. The neck of the 

 Poland-China tends to be short and thick, the shoulders a bit promi- 

 nent but well covered, the back strongly supported with a gradual 

 yet strong arch the entire length, the loins and ribs being thickly 

 covered, wide, and strikingly arched in well-fattened specimens. 

 The sides have but a moderate length, with an excellent depth. 

 The rumf is of medium length but is frequently somewhat low, 

 so that the entire upper line of the pig from ear to tail has a 

 more curved outline than most breeds. The hind quarter is 

 characterized by great thickness of flesh, the hams being thick 

 for the entire length from top to bottom, with a full, deep twist 

 between. The legs of the Poland-China are usually short and 

 show refinement, and the pasterns tend to slope too much. In recent 

 years the subject of type has caused much discussion among the 

 breeders. Many have recognized the fact that there was too 

 much refinement, with a lack of bone and substance. As a 

 result of this agitation, there has developed a larger, heavier- 

 boned, coarser, more upstanding type, as compared with the 

 smaller, lower-set, more refined sort — the former being known as 

 the "big type" and the latter as the "medium type." Between 

 these two types one finds a wide range of size and breed character, 

 greater perhaps than in any other breed. The most characteristic 

 features of the Poland-China are the color, straight nose and 

 face, droopy ear, very broad and arched back, superior hams, 

 and short legs. 



The color of the Poland-China pig has undergone something 

 of an evolution. Originally the use of white pigs formed a lead- 

 ing feature in the development of the breed, but the advent of 

 Berkshire blood caused a change to a darker type. Thirty years 



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