GROSS ANATOMY OF FLOWEUING PLANTS, xxxix 



XL.— Split- 

 Fruit (Cre- 



3, Bi- to pplycarpellary — e.g., Viola . . Capsule. 



Var. a. Dehiscence circumcissile — 

 e.g., Anagallis . . . Pyxis. 



Var. J. Deliiscence by the fall- 

 ing away of two lateral 

 valves from the two per- 

 sistent parietal placentae — 

 e.g., Mustard . . . Silique. 



II. Schizocarpic fruits. — The Splitting Fruits. — Dry, breaking 

 up into one-celled indehiscent portions (Pig. XL). 



1. Monocarpellary, dividing trans- 

 versely — e.g., Desmodium . Loment. 

 3. Bi- to polycarpellai-y. 



(a) Dividing into achene-like 

 or nut-like parts (nutlets), 

 no forked carpophore — 

 e.g., Lithospermum . Cakcertjlus. 

 (J) Dividing into two 

 achene-like parts (meri- 

 cwrps), a forked carpo- 

 phore between them — 

 e.g., Umbelliferse . Cbemocakp. 



III. Achenial fruits. — The Achenes. — Dry, indehiscent, one- 

 celled, one or few seeded, not breaking up (Pig. XLI). 



1. Pericarp hard and thick — e.g.. Oak . . Nttt. 

 8. Pericarp thin — e.g., Sunflower . . . Achenb. 



Var. a. Pericarp loose and 

 bladder-like — e.g., Cheno- 

 podium .... Utricle. 



Var. J. Pericarp consolidated 

 with the seed — e. g., 

 Grasses .... Caryopsis. 



Var. 0. Pericarp prolonged 



into a wing — e.g., Ash . Samara. 



IV. Baccate fruits. — The Berries.— Fleshy, indehiscent; seed 

 in pulp (Pig. XLII). 



1. Rind firm and hard — e.g.. Pumpkin . . Pbpo. 

 3. Rind thin — e.g.. Gooseberry . . . Bbrky. 



V. Drupaceous fruits. — The Drupe$. — Fleshy, indehiscent; en- 

 docarp hardened, usually stony. 



FlQ. 



ting 



mocarp) of Fen- 

 nel, snowing the 

 slender branching 

 receptacle (car- 

 pophore) which 

 supports the two 

 halves(mericarps). 



