GBOSS ANATOMT OF FLOWElilNQ PLANTS. Xxix 



The Perianth, or Floral Envelopes. — In a large number of flow- 

 ers the parts of the calyx and corolla (sepals and petals) are dis- 

 tinct — i.e., not at all united to one another; such are said to be 

 ehorisepalous as to the calyx, aad choripetalous as to the corolla. 

 The terms polysepalous and polypetalous are the ones most com- 

 monly used in English and American books on botany, although 

 they manifestly ought to be used as numerical terms. Eleuthero- 

 petalotis and dialypetalous are also somewhat used, especially in 

 German works. 



Numerical Terms. — The numerical terms usually employed are 

 mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-sepal/ms, etc., and mono-, di-, tri-, 

 tetra-, penta-petalous, etc., meaning of one, two, three, four, five 

 sepals or petals respectively. Polysepalous and polypetalous are 

 properly used to designate "a considerable but unspecified num- 

 ber" of sepals or petals. 



Union 'of Parts, — In some flowers the sepals or petals, or both, 

 are united to one another, so that the calyx and corolla are each 

 in the form of a single tube or cup. This union of similar parts 

 is called coalescence. The terms ga/mosepalous and gamopetalous {at 

 sympetalous) are used in such cases. Mmios&palous and monopeta- 

 lous, still used in this sense in many descriptive works, should be 

 reserved for designating the number of sepals or petals in calyx 

 and corolla respectively. 



Adnation. — Not infrequently the calyx and corolla are connately 

 united to each other for a less or greater distance. This union of 

 dissimilar whorls is termed adnation, and the calyx and corolla 

 are said to be adnate to each other. 



In the description of the parts of the perianth their form, size, 

 surface, color, and texture should be observed, using the same 

 terms as are used in case of the leaf. 



THE ANDRCECItM, OK STAMEN- WHOKL. 



Numerical Terms. — The number of stamens in the 5ower or 

 the androBcium is indicated by such terms as 

 Monandrous, signifying of one stamen ; 

 Diandrous, of two stamens; 

 Triandrous, of three stamens ; 

 Tetrandrous, of four stamens — when two of the stamens are 



