xxn 



BOTANT. 



it may be compressed (i.e., flattened parallel to its axis) or angu- 

 lar (triangular, quadrangular, etc.). 



Size. — Measure the lengtli from base to apex, and thu diameter 

 through the thickest part. 



Surface, — With respect to their surfaces buds are for the most 

 part termed icaly, and this term is used especially when the scales 

 are large or somewhat separated from one another. 



12 3 



Fig. XVIII.— Scaly buds of various kinds. At 3 are shown buds clustered in the 



axils of the leaves. 



Many buds are covered externally with a more or less dense 

 coat of hairs (hairy buds), or down (downy buds). 



Some buds are smooth, the scales themselves having a smooth 

 surface, and the latter being arranged into an even surface. 



For protection against too great moisture from without, as well 

 as against too great loss of moisture in a dry air, many buds are 

 covered with a thin coat of varnish (varnished buds), or they may 

 be waxy, or even glutinous (i.e., somewhat sticky). 



Color, — Buds when fully ripened are most commonly brown or 

 brownish in color, but may be black, gray, red, rusty (ferrugi- 

 nous), etc. etc. 



Structure. — Dissect several buds, carefully removing the scales 

 one by one, and preserving them as a series. .Notice that the 

 outermost ones are usually the hardest, and that as we pass to tlie 

 inner ones the texture is gradually softer and more like that of 

 young leaves. Notice that the interior is composed of young 

 leaves (or young flowers). 



