OBOSS ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS. Xxi 



2. Hough, when covered with raised dots or points. 



3. Hairy (pubescent), when the whole surface is more or less 

 covered with hairs. The liairs are sometimes fine and soft, form- 

 ing a white, glossy covering as in the silky surface. When the 

 hairs are long, soft, and spreading, the surface is vilhus; when 

 short and stiff, it is hispid. In some cases tlie hairs are confined 

 to the margin of tha blade, when it is said to be eiliate. 



Color of the Blade. — This is usually green, the particular 

 shade bcitig indicated as green, light green, dark green, etc. Note 

 carefully the difference in color (often due to hairs, etc.) between 

 the up|)er and under surfaces. 



Texture of the Blade, — Most leaves are thin and have a firm 

 texture {membranaceous) ; when tough and leathery they are coria- 

 ceous. Leaves of a considerable thickness sua fleshy or succulent. 



The Petiole, — The length, shape, surface, and color of the 

 petiole should be carefully noted. Make similar notes also upon 

 the "partial petioles" (i.e., the petioles of the leaflets) of com- 

 pound leaves. 



The Stipules, — These usually consist of small lobes which grow 

 out from near the base of the petiole. Sometimes they are more 

 or less attached to the stem, in some instances sheathing it as in 

 the buckwheat, where they have united into a single sheath. 



In all cases note {a) position, (b) shape, (c) size, {d) surface, and 

 (e) color of the stipules. 



§ 4. The Btjd. 



Position, — With respect to position upon a twig, buds are 

 terminal or lateral; and from the fact that the latter grow con- 

 spicuously in the axiU of leaves (i.e., in the upper angle formed 

 by the leaf with the twig) they are also ]^noyia as axillary hnAs. 

 Strictly speaking, every bud is terminal, for the so-called lateral 

 buds are in reality terminal upon very short lateral branches of 

 the twig. 



Form. — In form most buds are ovate; that is, egg-shaped. They 

 are commonly Hunt at the apex, but may be tapering. 



Less commonly buds are spherical, or nearly so, and occasionally 

 they are cylindrical. 



If a cross-section be made of a bud it is usually rounded ; bui 



