62 BOTANY. 



(3) JRoot-stocks, whicli are bract- or scale-bearing, usually 

 weak, and generally subterranean. 



(4) Tubers, which are bract- or scale-bearing, short and 

 thickened, and subterranean. 



(6) Corms, which are leaf-bearing, short and thickened, 

 and subterranean. 



(6) Bidb-axes, which are leaf-bearing, short and conical, 

 and subterranean. 



(7) Flower-axes, which are bract-, perianth-, stamen-, and 

 pistil-bearing, short and usually conical and aerial. 



(8) Tendrils, which are degraded, slender, aerial cau- 

 lomes, nearly destitute of phyllomes. 



(9) Thorns, which are degraded, thick, conical, aerial 

 caulomes, nearly destitute of phyllomes. 



120. Phyllome. — The phyllome is always a lateral mem- 

 ber upon a caulome. It is usually a flat expansion and ex- 

 tension of some of the tissues of the caulome. Its most 

 common form is 



(1) The ILeaf (foliage), which is usually large, broad, and 

 mainly made up of chlorophyll-bearing tissue. 



The other phyllome forms are: 



(2) Sracts, which are smaller than leaves, generally green. 



(3) Scales, which are usually smaller than leaves, want- 

 ing in chlorophyll-bearing tissue, and generally with a firm 

 texture. 



(4) Floral envelopes, which are variously modified, but 

 generally wanting in chlorophyll-bearing tissue, and with 

 generally a more delicate texture. 



(5) Stamens, in which a portion of the soft tissue devel- 

 ops male reproductive cells (pollen). 



(6) Carpels, bearing or enclosing female reproductive 

 organs (ovules). 



