98 BOTANY. 



semblance to each otter. These are called Branches, or 

 Divisions. Likewise, if we consider the plants in each 

 Branch, we may make several groups, each of which will 

 include those with still greater resemblances. These groups 

 are called Classes. 



201. In like manner Classes are divisible into Orders; 

 Orders into Families; Families into Genera; Genera into 

 Species. Each Species is composed of individual plants, all 

 of which bear a close resemblance to each other. In some 

 Species there is such a variation in the individuals compos- 

 ing it that they are grouped into Varieties. 



202. Applying the foregoing, we have the following as 

 the classification of the common Sunflower: 



Kingdom of Vegetables. 



Branch, Phanerogam ia. 



Class, Angiospermae. 



Order, Compositse. 



Genus, Helianthus. 



Species, annuus 



203. There are needed now and then various sub-groups; 

 thus Classes are often separated into two or more Sub- 

 Classes, and these again into Series and Cohorts; so Orders 

 are sometimes separated into Sub-Orders, or they are more 

 frequently divided into Tribes and these again into Sub- 

 Tribes. So, too, a Genus may be divided into Sub-Genera. 

 On the other hand, it is very common for Family to be 

 omitted, as in the case of the Sunflower given above. 



204. The general relationship of the Branches of the 

 Vegetable Kingdom is sometimes shown by constructing a 

 tree or diagram, whose principal divisions represent the 

 Branches. Such diagrams (as the one on the opposite 

 page) are often quite helpful to the student. 



