206 BOTANY. 



* 

 (J) Examine the disposition of the small fibro-vascular bundles in 

 the leaves, whether free or reticulated. Peel off a bit of epidermis 

 from both surfaces, and study the breathing-pores, 

 (c) With a low power study the spore-dots, using top light only. 

 The spore-cases may be easily seen and their at- 

 tachment made out in this way, in those cases 

 where there is no covering to the spore-dot. 

 » id) Make a vertical section through the cluster of 

 spore-cases, and study carefully, looking for the 

 ring of darker cells on the spore-cases, 

 (e) The first stage of ferns may often be found in 

 Fio. lieT— Cross- plant-houses on or in flower-pots near ferns. They 

 Iro'^d BtenTota ™ay be found also by carefully examining the 

 Brake (Pteris aqul- moist earth among mosses, etc., in shady ravines, 

 of flbro°T^'cular Collect a few of these of various sizes, and keep 

 bundles; io, inner them in water in a watch-glass. Carefully wash 

 dies; m, two bands off the dirt from the under side, and then mount in 

 Pshown ta'iflackf-^if ^^t^'". ^"^ examine the imder surface for antherids 

 soft tissue (paren- and archegones (Fig. Ill, A). By careful search- 

 stony Wssue.""** °^ ^^S, young fernlets may be found still attached 

 to the first stage (protliallium), as in Fig. Ill, B). 

 (/) Collect specimens of Adder tongue or Moonwort, and compare 

 the structure of the spore-bearing organs with the foregoing. 



{g) Search the borders of lakes, ponds, and slow streams for Pepper- 

 worts. They may probably be found in every part of the country, 

 although they have rarely been collected. 



CiAss m. LtcopodinjB {the I/ycopodi), 



433. The plant-body consists of a solid, dichotomously 

 branched, leafy, and generally erect stem. The leaves are 

 sma,ll, simple, sessile, and imbricated, and usually bear a 

 considerable resemblance to those of Mosses. The roots 

 are mostly slender and dichotomously branched. 



434. The Lycopods are for the most part terrestrial per- 

 ennials. They are usually of small size, rarely exceeding 

 a height of 15 or 20 centimetres (6 or 8 inches). 



435. The spores of the Lycopods are produced in spore- 

 cases on the upper side of the leaves. In some of the 



