PUANEBOQAMIA. 259 



Asierale Cohort. 

 Order 71, the Composites (Compositae); 10,000 or more, mostly 

 herbs, some shruhs, a few trees, of all parts of the world. 

 Order 73 (Calyceraceae); 20, herbs of South America. 

 Order 73, the Teaselworts(Dipaace8e); 120, mostly herbs, chiefly of 

 the north temperate zone. 



Order 74 (Valerianacese); 300, mostly herbs, chiefly of the north 

 temperate zone. 



Bubiale Cohort. 



Order 75, the Madderworts (Rubiacese); 4100, trees, shrubs, and 

 herbs, mostly tropical. 



Order 76, the Honeysuckles (Caprifoliacese); 200, mostly woody 

 plants of the Northern Hemisphere. 



III. ChORIPBTAL^ (PoLTPBTAL^). CHORrPBTALOUS 



Dicotyledons. 



Plants whose flowers generally have both calyx and corolla, the 

 latter of separate petals. 



Although this group is here placed last, it is composed of pUnts 

 which must rank as structurally lower than those of the Gamopetalae. 



Series XII. Calyoiflorse. — Calyx generally of united sepals. Sta- 

 mens on the calyxcup. Ovary frequently interior. 



Umbellale Cohort. 



Order 77, the Cornels (Cornacese); 75, shrubs and trees, rarely herbs, 

 mostly of the north temperate zone. 



Order 78, the Ivy worts (Araliacese); 340, trees and shrubs, rarely 

 herbs, mostly tropical. 



Order 79, the Umbellifers (Umbelliferae); 1300, herbs, rarely shrubs 

 or trees, mostly of the north temperate zone. 



Ficoidale Cohort. 



Order 80, the Ficoids (Ficoideas); 450, mostly fleshy herbs, chiefly 

 of the tropics. 



Order 81, the Cactuses (Cactacese); 1000, succulent herbs, shrubs, 

 and trees, generally leafless, all American. 



Pamflorale Cohort. 



Order 82 (Datiscacese); 4, herbs and trees, of the Northern Hemi- 

 sphere. 



Order 83, the Begonias (Begoniaceae); 350, herbs, mostly of tropi- 

 cal America. 



