Contents 



Preface to the Fourth Edition v 

 Part I. THE CELL 



1. Life and Protoplasm 3 



2. Protoplasm, the Cell, and the Organism 16 



3. Cell Division in Relation to Reproduction 40 



4. The Chemical and Physical Structure of Protoplasm 64 



5. Enzymes: How Cells Promote Chemical Activities 99 



6. Osmosis and Other Mechanisms by Which Cells Take 



In and Give Off Materials 112 



7. Animal Cells and Their Nutrition 126 



8. Common Pathways of Cellular Metabolism 141 



9. Nutrition of Green Plant Cells 158 



10. Other Modes of Nutrition; Conservation of Food Elements 173 



11. Responsiveness in Single Cells 189 



Part II. MULTICELLULAR PLANTS 



12. Reproduction in Multicellular Plants 203 



13. Nutrition of Multicellular Plants 236 



14. The Responses of Higher Plants 259 



Part III. MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY MAN 



15. Embryonic Development; Differentiation of the Tissues 271 



16. The Digestive System in Man and Other Multicellular 

 Animals 291 



vii 



