Reproduction in Multicellular Plants - 235 



structures and wherever possible provide a 

 synonym: (a) the pistil; (b) carpels: (c) the 

 ovule; (d) the macrospore; (e) a stamen; (£) 

 an anther; (g) a pollen grain; (h) the calyx; 

 (i) the corolla; (j) the receptacle. 



8. Make a labeled sketch to identify the female 

 gametophyte of a seed plant. Where and 

 when is this gametophyte to be found in a 

 flower? 



9. How does the female gametophyte of a seed 

 plant either resemble or differ from the 

 gametophytes of the fern and moss in regard 

 to: (a) origin; (b) chromosome count of the 

 component cells; (c) function; (d) mode of 

 nutrition: (e) complexity of structure; (f) 

 prospects of reaching maturity: (g) prospects 

 of having the egg fertilized? 



10. Carefully explain points (f) and (g) of the 

 preceding question. 



11. Differentiate between a seed and an ovule. 

 What special features of seeds generally ac- 

 count for the success of the seed plants in 

 spreading throughout the land areas of the 

 earth? 



12. Supply the missing parts of the following 

 statements: 



a. all the cells of the embryo sporophyte, 



which occupies the center of a seed, are 



derived by mitosis from the ; 



b. each seed, as a whole, originates from 



an ; whereas the fruit, as a whole, 



originates from the . 



13. Identify and locate: (a) cotyledons; (b) the 

 hypocotyl; (c) the epicotyl; (d) the plumule: 

 (e) the embryonic bud; and (f) the suspensor. 



14. In the bean and pea respectively, what parts 

 (if any) of the adult sporophyte originate 

 from: (a) the hypocotyl: (b) the epicotyl; and 

 (c) the cotyledons? 



15. In general, how are the parts of the flower 

 modified in relation to the methods of pol- 

 lination? 



1(5. Enumerate five kinds of dry fruits and two 

 kinds of fleshy fruits, giving the distinguish- 

 ing features and an example of each type. 



17. What is cambium and why is it important? 

 What kinds of stems lack cambium? 



18. What is a seedling? Explain the general im- 

 portance of cotyledons (and endosperm, if 

 present). 



19. Identify each of the following: (a) lateral or 

 axillary buds; (b) pericycle; (c) adventitious 

 roots; (d) a bulbil; (e) a runner; (f) a tuber; 

 (g) a bulb: (h) a cutting. 



FURTHER READINGS 



The Plant World, 4th ed., by Harry J. Fuller 

 and Zane B. Carothers: New York, 1963. 

 College Botany, rev. ed., by Harry J. Fuller 

 and Oswald Tippo; New York, 1954. 



3. Textbook of Botany, by Transeau, Sampson, 

 and Tiffany: New York, 1953. 



4. Botany, by P. Weatherwax; Philadelphia, 

 1956. 



