418 - Multicellular Animals, Especially Man 



ment, and overdosage experiments have been 10. 

 used in obtaining evidence that the testis is 

 an endocrine gland. 

 1. Explain two types of evidence that indi- 

 cate that it is the interstitial tissue and not 

 the seminiferous tubules of the testis that 

 produces the testicular hormone. 



5. The secondary sexual features, which differ 

 entiate males from females, are related to 

 differences in the sex hormones. Explain this 

 statement in specific terms. 



(i. Differentiate between estrogen and proges- 

 terone on the basis of: (a) site of production; 

 (I)) chemical structure; (c) relative abundance 

 during the menstrual t\cle; (d) effects upon 

 the uterine* mucosa and mammary glands; II. 

 (e) general (unctions. 



7. Carefully explain the relationship between 



die corpus lutcum and (a) implantation: (b) 11'. 

 retention ol the fetus in utero; (c) parturi- 

 tion (delivery of the fetus); (d) lactation. 



8. Carefully discuss the thyroid hormone with 

 special reference to: fa) its chemical compo- 13. 

 sition: (b) dietary requirements for synthe- 

 sis; (c) abnormalities of metabolism; (d) ab- 

 normalities of development. 



9. Briefly discuss the parathyroids, adrenals II. 

 (cortex and medulla), islands of Langerhans. 



and the pituitary (anterior and posterior 

 lobes), specifying in each case: (a) the hor- 

 monal product or products (il known); (b) 

 the general functions of each hormone; (c) 15. 

 effects ol hypo- and hyperactivity ol each 

 gland. 



Inspect the following list and for each con- 

 dition specify: (a) the one or more hormones 

 that may be involved; (b) the gland or glands 

 in question; and (c) whether the glands are 

 hypoactive or hyperactive: (1) cretinism; (2) 

 gigantism; (3) persistent glycosuria, emacia- 

 tion, and acidosis; (4) Graves' disease: (5) low- 

 blood calcium, with muscular tremors; (6) 

 endemic goiter; (7) exophthalmic goiter; (8) 

 myxedema; (9) fear and anger (as when a 

 cat sees a clog); (10) drastic virilism; (11) dia- 

 betes mellitus; (12) diabetes insipidus: (13) 

 very high basal metabolism: (14) delayed 

 growth, retarded sexual maturity, atrophy of 

 the adrenals and thyroid. 



Explain why ACTH may be substituted for 

 cortisone in the treatment of certain human 

 diseases. 



Define the terms neurosecretion and neuro- 

 hormone. Provide examples from the endo- 

 crine systems of vertebrate and invertebrate 

 animals. 



What is a direct feed-back control mech- 

 anism? Explain how this and other control 

 mechanisms operate to regulate secretional ac- 

 ti\ ity in the pituitary. 



Discuss the endocrine system of insects, men- 

 tioning all of the following terms: (a) juve- 

 nile hormone; (b) corpora allata and carcli- 

 aca; (( ) intracerebral gland; and (d) growth 

 and differentiation hormone. 

 Explain the term cellular endocrinology. 



FURTHER READINGS 



1. The Hormones in Human Reproduction, by 

 George W. Corner; Princeton, 1947. 



2. The Physical Basis of Personality, by C. R. 

 Stockard: New York, 1931. 



3. General Endocrinology, by C. D. Turner; 

 Philadelphia, I960. 



4. "Transplantation of the Testes," by A. A. 

 Berthold: and "The Internal Secretion of the 



Pancreas," by Banting and Best; in Great 

 Experiments in Biology, ed. by M. Gabriel and 

 S. Fogel; Englewood Cliffs, N. J.. 1935. 

 "The Juvenile Hormone." by Carroll M. Wil- 

 liams: in Scientific American , February 1958. 

 "The Parathyroid Hormone." bv Howard 

 Rasmussen; in Scientific American, April 1961. 



