The Animal Kingdom - 677 



TEST QUESTIONS 



ll 



1. Explain why the criteria for the classification 

 of animals and plants may be different, al- 

 though the principles remain the same. 



2. Differentiate between Protozoa and Metazoa. 12. 



3. Differentiate between the terms given in each 



of the following groups. In each case pro- 13. 

 vide an example. 



a. saccular vs. tubular enterons 14. 



b. a colony vs. a multicellular organism 



c. spherical, radial, and bilateral symmetry 



d. diploblastic vs. triploblastic organization 15. 



e. open vs. closed circulatory systems 



f. an exoskeleton vs. an endoskeleton 



g. germ vs. somatic cells 16. 

 h. Ciliata vs. Suctoria 



i. macronuclei vs. micronuclei 



4. Carefully identify and give an example of 17. 

 each of the following: (1) choanoflagellate; 



(2) gastral layer; (3) spongin; (4) amoebo- 

 cyte; (5) amphiblastula; (6) nematoblast; (7) 18. 

 hypnotoxin; (8) interstitial cells; (9) proto- 

 neurons; (10) cephalization; (11) flame cells; 

 (12) hemolymph; (13) cercaria; (14) scolex; 

 (15) onchospheres; (16) hydatid cyst; (17) 19. 

 pseudocoelom; (18) stylet; (19) lophophore; 

 (20) avicularium; (21) peduncle; (22) neph- 

 ridia; (23) metamerism; (24) parapodia; (25) 

 setae; (26) cerebral ganglia; (27) radula; (28) 20. 

 spiracles; (29) tracheae; (30) book lungs; (31) 

 seminal receptacles; (32) ossicles; (33) madre- 21. 

 porite; (34) tube feet; (35) ampullae; (36) ves- 

 tigial anus; (37) dermal branchiae; (38) nerve 

 ring; (39) perihaemal system; (40) placoid 

 scales; (41) swim bladder; (42) spiral valve; 22. 

 (43) homoiothermy; (44) syrinx. 



5. Specify the classes of the Protozoa and name 23. 

 an organism belonging to each class. 



6. Name four pathogenic protozoans and evalu- 

 ate their medical importance. 24. 



7. Differentiate between foraminiferous and 

 radiolarian oozes. 25. 



8. Explain why the study of micropaleontology 



has become quite important in the petro- 26. 

 leum industry. 



9. Point out two important similarities and two 27. 

 important differences between the Porifera 



and the Coelcnterata. 

 10. Differentiate among the four classes of the 28. 

 Coelenterata. 



What is the basis for believing that the 

 coelenterate stock gave rise to many of the 

 higher phyla? 



Differentiate between coelenterates and 

 ctenophores. 



Literally, what does the term Platyhelminthes 

 mean? 



Enumerate the organizational advances dis- 

 played by the flatworms. What primitive 

 characteristics do they also display? 

 Differentiate among the three classes of flat- 

 worms. Which of the class is the most im- 

 portant from a medical viewpoint? 

 Specify four flatworm parasites and evalu- 

 ate the medical importance of each. Sketch 

 in the life cycle of each. 



What is the basis lor thinking that the platy- 

 helminth stock provided a main line of evo- 

 lutionary ascent in the animal kingdom? 

 Differentiate among Nemertinea, Nemat- 

 helminthes, Rotifera, Bryozoa, and Brachio- 

 poda. What important organizational ad- 

 vances first appeared in these groups? 

 Among the Nemathelminthes, specify one 

 species that parasitizes plants and three that 

 infest man. Evaluate the importance, in each 

 case. 



Give two reasons why it is not wise to eat 

 undercooked pork. 



Are there any unique features displayed by 

 Annelida? What combination of characteris- 

 tics would serve to distinguish Annelida from 

 Vertebrata and other major animal groups? 

 Differentiate among the four classes of 

 Annelida and give an example of each. 

 Explain the basis for thinking that the Anne- 

 lida stock may have given rise to some of the 

 higher animal groups. 



What unique features are displayed by 

 Mollusca? 



Differentiate amongst the five classes of Mol- 

 lusca and give an example of each. 

 Discuss the various types of locomotion dis- 

 played by different mollusks. 

 Apparently the molluscan stock did not give 

 rise to any of the higher groups of animals. 

 Explain and discuss this statement. 

 Differentiate among the seven classes of Ar- 

 thropoda and give an example of each. 



