Ind 



ex 



707 



54; comparative anatomy in relation to, 554- 

 56; consequences of, 552-70; ecology and, 

 573-90; embryology and, 556-57; fossil record, 

 559-70; of green plants, 187; Lamarckian 

 theory of, 549-50; vestigial organs and, 554-56 



Excitation, 190-93; energy, 162; metabolism, 193; 

 turgor movement, 260; visual, chemistry of, 

 423-24 



Excretion, 128, 133, 369-78; in plants, 170-71, 

 256. See also Wastes 



Exopeptidases, 314 



Experimental embryology, 531-36; determination, 

 533-34; embryonic organizers, 534-36; morpho- 

 genesis, problems of. 532-36 



Experimentation, scientific method, 13 



Extensors, 431 



External fertilization, 381-83 



External respiration, 357-63 



Extinction of species, 545-48 



Eye, human, 421-24 



Eye spots, 293, 294, 421 



Facilitation, 457-58 



FAD (see Flavin adenine dinucleotide) 



Fallopian tubes, 386, 387 



Family, taxonomic category, 593 



Fasciolopsis buski, 638 



Fat solvents, 117 



Fatigue, 434; synaptic, 457; total, 193 



Fats and fatlike substances, 80-83; food substance, 

 127; phospholipids, 82-83; steroids, 82-83; true 

 fats, 81-82. See also Lipids 



Fatty acid, 81, 82, 340 



Feces, 131 



Fermentation, 149 n.; alcoholic, 151-52, 175 



Ferns, 616-17; life cycle of, 203-05, 209, 214 



Fertilization, 51; activation vs., 274-76; diagram 

 of, 275; diploidy in relation to, 50-51; external, 

 381-83; haploidy in relation to, 50-51; inter- 

 nal, 381-83; origin of diploid cells, 52 



Fertilization cone, 272, 273, 274 



Fertilization membrane, 272, 274 



Fertilized egg (see Zygote) 



Feulgen, R., 520 



Feulgen reaction, 23 



Fibers, spindle, 41; traction, 44, 46 



Fibrillar connective tissues, 288-89 



Fibrillar structures, 30-31 



Fibrils, 23; ciliary, 30 



Fibrinogen, 320, 323 



Fibroblasts, 288 



Filaments, 438 



Filarial worms, 645 



Filicineae, 616-17 



Filtration, 373-74 



Fischer, E„ 106 



Fishes (see Chondrichthyes; Cyclostomata; Os- 

 teichthyes) 



Fission, 393-96; binary, 55-56, 208, 393-96 



Flagella, 30, 168, 195. 292, 596, 598 



Flagellata, 178.625.626-27 



Flame algae (see Algae) 



Flame cells, 370 



Flatworms, 635-41 



Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), 145 



Flavin mononucleotide (FUN), 145-46 



Flavors, plant products as, 257 



Flexors, 431 



Floral structure, variations of. 224—25 



Flower, of seed plants. 216-19 



Flukes, 636, 637-39 



Follicular fluid, 387 



Food, analysis of some common, 345; conserva- 

 tion of, 173-87; cyclic usage of, 183-85; defini- 

 tion of, 126; energy from different, availability 

 of, 344-45; essential kinds of, 345-54; principal 

 substances, sources and uses in organisms, 127; 

 proteins in some common, character of, 347; 

 spoilage of, 602 



Food cup, 128, 12') 



Food supply, animal populations and, 574—75; as 

 population-limiting factor, 541 



Food vacuole, 128, 129 



Foraminijera, 625 



Ford, C. E., 507 



"Forward direction," law of, 456-57 



Fossil record, 559-70, 592: geological strata, rela- 

 tive ages of, 562-64; geological time, eras and 

 periods of. 564, 565; survey of, 564-70 



Fragmentation, 152 



Fraternal twins, 395, 499, 502, 510 



Free energy, 143 



Free nitrogen, 177 



Free oxygen, 158 



Frisch, K. von, 660 



Fructokinase, 100. 101, 150 



Fructose, 79, 80, 385 



Fructose diphosphate, 150 



Fruit structure, variations in, 225-28 



Fucoxanthin, 598, 599 



Funis, 210, 599. 600 



Fungi, 173-74. 265. 442. 601; bracket, 606; club, 

 606-07; cup, 605: imperfect, 607; sac, 604-06; 

 sponge, 605; true, 604-08 



Furrowing;, 43, 45, 47, 48 



Gaffron, H.. 161 



Galactose, 79 

 Galactosemia, 505 

 Galactosephosphate transferase, 506 



