CONTENTS. XI 



the Eggs of Workers, Drones, and Queens in their re- 

 spective Cells. — Dzierzon's Discoveries and Theories. — 

 Siebold and Owen on the laying of Unfertilized Ova. — 

 Interesting Experiment by Huber, and Review of the 

 Theories of Dzierzon, Siebold, and Huber. — Partheno- 

 genesis, or Power of the Virgin Queen to produce Per- 

 fect Oflspring. — The Larva; its Organization. — Meta^ 

 morphosis into the Pupa and Imago. — Operations of the 

 Nurse-bees during the Transformation. — ^Reflections on 

 the Development of the Bee and that of the Man. — 

 Operations of Workers after the Bees leave the Cells. — 

 Birth of Young Queen. — Unnatural Conduct of the 

 Parent. — ^^'ogt's Interesting Account of a Combat be- 

 tween two Queens. — The Drones. — Bee Courtship 

 and Matrimony. — Artificial Production of a Queen by 

 Workers. — Principle upon which they operate. — Sum- 

 mary poge 94 



CHAPTER Vn. 



Various Definitions of Instinct. — ^Addison's Opinion ; Dr. 

 Darwin's. — ^The Theory of Sensation. — Spence's Sum- 

 mary. — ^Dr. Carpenter's Views of Instinct and its Limits. 

 — ^Archbishop TiUotson's Exposition of the Instinctive 

 Moral Propensities of Man. — Comparison of these views ; 

 Analysis of an Instinctive Action, illustrated by the 

 mode in which a Flesh-fly Oviposits; Summary and 

 Definition of Instinct. — Complicated Acts of Insects; 

 how they may be explained. — ^Difficulty of distingTiish- 

 ing between Instinct and Reason. — Story of the Gold- 

 wasp and Mason-bee, and Comments upon the act per- 

 formed by the Bee. — ^Is there a definite Boundary-line 

 between Instinct and Reason .'' — Necessity for the Study 

 of Comparative Psychology, or the Science of Mind in 

 Animals 11" 



CHAPTER \IiL 



Vegetable Life.— Motile Plants.— Absence of Mental Pro- 

 perties in the Lowest Types of Animal life. — ^Unity in 



