THE BEE. 147 



reason or intelligence is only found in such animals 

 (those being the Vertebrata) as possess a cerebrum, 

 that is, the upper portion of the brain, composed of 

 two lobes or imperfect hemispheres. And, further- 

 more, it is held that the character of the cerebrum 

 in the various animal races is also the measure of 

 intelligence ; for it is found that as this part of the 

 brain increases in size (not as compared with the body 

 of the animal, but with the remaining portions of 

 the nervous system), and in accordance, too, with 

 the increasing amoimt of grey vesicular matter com- 

 posing its surface, so does the possessor rank in the 

 scale of intelligent creatures. 



But although these physiological distinctions serve 

 as indications of intelligence, yet they will not of 

 themselves teach us the difference between that in- 

 telligence and the mental qualities of the invertebrate 

 races, and it is necessary that we should look to the 

 actions of the various creatures before we can hope 

 to form anything like a correct estimate of their psy- 

 chical nature. 



In our concluding remarks concerning instinct, we 

 mentioned that this property is not susceptible of 

 development ; that, however complicated the actions 

 resulting from it may be, they are, as a general rule, 

 the same under all circumstances ; in fact that a ne- 

 gative feature in " instinct " is the absence of educa- 

 bility. What we have, therefore, first to seek in 

 reason or intelligence, as a distinguishing charac- 

 teristic, is the last-named attribute, and in a greater 



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