THE BEE. 157 



more completely shall we be fitted to become the 

 companions and the co-workers of a higher Intelli- 

 gence hereafter ? 



The consideration of the psychical or mental na- 

 tures of the various races of animated beings leads 

 us therefore to the following conclusions : — 



First, that ia the invertebrate animals the mental 

 properties assume the character of animating in- 

 fluences that prompt the creature to perform certain 

 acts, of a more or less complicated kind, intended for 

 the weU-beiug of the individual or continuation of 

 the species ; and that the senses alone operate as the 

 guiding or controUing power. These mental powers 

 or properties, which are, as a general rule, not suscep- 

 tible of improvement or development in the perfectly 

 formed creature (that is to say, after the creature has 

 attained its perfect stage), are popularly known as 

 itistincts. 



Secondly, that the Vertebrata,or those creatures that 

 are characterized by the possession of a true brain, 

 are endowed with similar animating properties, guided 

 in like manner by the sense, and having the same 

 object and tendency as the so-caUed instincts of the 

 invertebrates; but, superadded to these, many of 

 them possess ethical powers and qualities that in 

 their turn control and govern these instincts, and 

 which are susceptible of a greater or less degree of 

 development or educabiUty. This educable property 

 in the case of the higher animals (where it is but 

 limited) is the result of association with one another 



