36 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



open and built into the back portion of the porch. Mosquitoes breed in 

 it. There is a poorly constructed, dilapidated privy for the women not 

 far from the house, but the men have none, or if they do, it is not fit to 

 enter. They usually defecate in the open, in the fields or draws, or in a 

 woodland patch. The barn is roughly constructed. The manure is piled 

 in a great pile beside the bam, and breeds multitudes of flies. The stable 

 floor is urine- and manure-soaked and affords excellent fly-breeding 

 quarters. 



Naturally, I have described the worst common type of farm, because 

 on this must be built the structure for better sanitation in farm life. 

 In many cases a large number of such places may exist on a single 

 large plantation, for the use of the tenants. In such cases a single man 

 is responsible, who himself lives in a house with all modem sanitary 

 conveniences. 



The problem of the sanitarian and the sanitary entomologist is to 

 prove to the individual farmer and to the planter landlord the financial 

 value of better sanitation. The planter must be shown that inasmuch 

 as the efficiency hours of his tenants are increased, in proportion will 

 their products be increased, and in like manner his rental, especially 

 where the rental is based on certain proportions of the crop yield. He 

 must see that reduction of mosquitoes means reduction of malaria inci- 

 dence, that reduction of flies reduces the incidence of typhoid, dysentery, 

 diarrhea, and other intestinal complaints, and that as the sickness rate on 

 the plantation is decreased the labor output is increased. 



It will do us no good to theorize if we do not set down clearly the 

 ways and means of accomplishing this greater farm output by reducing 

 fly and mosquito breeding. In the present course of lectures will be 

 found the proofs which have accumulated against ^these various insects, 

 brief statements of how these insects live, and detailed plans of the 

 approved methods of control. Fortified with this ammunition and more 

 which he will personally gain, the sanitary entomologist must fight for 

 better sanitation. 



HOW TO IMPROVE FAEM SANITATION 



At this time, however, we may in brief state a few measures which 

 should be taken on every farm in order to accomplish greater farm labor 

 efficiency and improve the health of the household and of the animals. 



1. The windows amd doors should be screened against flies and 

 mosquitoes. During the months that fires are not used the chimneys 

 should have a screen over the top and the fireplace screened. If wire 

 screening cannot be aff'orded, mosquito bars can be used. In the majority 

 of cases the expenditure of the necessary amount of money to properly 



