LIST OF TEXT FIGURES 



FIGUB£ PAGE 



1. Cross Section op Mann's Hillside Incinerator, Used at U. S. Marine Camp, 



QuANTico, Va. (Mann) ■ . . . . 46 



2. Modification of Mann's Hillside Incinerator, Adapting It to Level Ground. 



(Mann) 46 



3. Small Incinerator of the Ferguson Type, for Use of Small Units, and Ca- 



PAM,B OP Transportation. (Mann) 46 



4. Straddle Trench Latrines, 1 foot wide, 2 peet deep, 3 feet long, for Field 



Operations at Temporary Locations. (Mann) 47 



5. Covered Pit Latrine Level with Ground, a Semi-Permanent Type. (Mann) 47 



6. Garbage Can with Top Converted into Portable Urinal for Use in Com- 



pany Street at Night. (Mann) 47 



7. Urine Soakage Pit, in Cross Section. (Mann's Modification from Lelean) 48 



8. Chart Showing the Zones of Life Reaction to Temperature and Relative 



Humidity. (Pierce) 98 



9. Suggested Curves of the Responses of Average Americans to Humid Tem- 



peratures. (Pierce) 102 



10. Mouth Parts OF Flies: a, suctorial type; 6, biting type. (Greene) 138 



11. Diagrammatic Sketch of the House Fly, Mused domestica. (Greene) .... 139 



12. Abdominal Markings of Three Common House Flies: a. The house fly, 



Musca domestica; b, little house fly, Fannia canicularis; c, stable fly, Stomoxys cal- 

 citrans (Greene). In these diagrams the relative size of the abdomen is shown. 

 The light areas in a and 6 represent yellow markings and are variable in size. In 

 fig. c the markings of the last segment may be present or absent 140 



13. Characters of a Muscid Fly Larva. (Greene.) Segment 1 is the head; 



2-4 are thoracic segments; 6-11 are abdominal. Segment 11 really contains the 

 seventh to tenth abdominal segments, the spiracles being on the eighth, the anus 

 is the tenth . 142 



14. Larva op THE Little House Fly, fanmacanicMfam. Greatly enlarged. (Howard 



AND Pierce, Drawing by Bradford) 143 



15. Dorsal View of Eighth Abdominal Segment of the Larva of Fannia 



canicularis. Very highly magnified. (Drawing by Bradford) 143 



16. Ventral View of Terminal Segments op Fannia canicularis; the ninth and 



tenth segments are comprised in the small zone around the anus. Very highly 

 magnified. (Drawing by Bradford) i . 143 



17. Larva op Fannia scalaris, the Latrine Fly. Greatly magnified. (Howard and 



Pierce, Drawing by Bradford) 144 



18. Dorsal View op Eighth Abdominal Segment of Fannia scalaris. Very highly 



magnified. (Drawing by Bradford) 144 



19. Ventral View op Terminal Segments of Fannia scalaris: the ninth and tenth 



segments are comprised in the small zone around the anus. Very highly magnified. 

 (Drawing by Bradford) 144 



20. Larva op Musca domestica: Dorsal View op Head and Prothorax. (Greene) 145 



21. Larva of Musca domestica: Lateral View op Terminal Segments. (Greene) 



The spiracles are located on the eighth abdominal segment. The ninth and tenth 

 segments are ventral and not very distinct, enclosing the anus 145 



22. Larva of Musca domestica: Enlarged Sketch of Right Stigmal Plate. These 



plates are less than their breadth apart. (Greene) 145 



23. Larva of Stomoxys calcitrans: Enlarged Sketch of Thoracic Spiracles. (Greene) . 146 



xxi 



