CONTENTS 



I. How Insects Can Cabry or Cabse Disease 19 



Classification op Methods by Which Insects Can Carry or Cause 



Disease 20 



Why it is Necessary to Know How Insects Carry Disease ... 23 



II. Some Necessary Steps in Any Attempt to Prove Insect Transmission or 



Causation op Disease ... . . . . 25 



I. Cooperation 25 



II. Where Should the Investigations of Insect Transmission Begin? 26 



III. Plan or Operation 26 



IV. How Shall We Record Our Observations.'' . .... 27 

 V. How Can an Insect be Involved in Disease Transmission.' 27 



1. What Kind of Organisms Can Insects Carry? 27 



2. In What Manner May Insect Toxins Bring About Disease? . . 27 



3. Can Insects Themselves Cause Disease? 28 



4. Where May Insects Obtain the Organisms Which Cause Disease? 28 



5. How Can the Insect Transmit the Organism? 28 



6. What is the Course of the Organism in the Insect? .... 29 



7. What is the Course of the Organism on Leaving the Insect? . 29 

 VI. What is Known About the Disease to be Investigated? . . 30 



VII. What Insects Should be Investigated? 30 



VIII. What is Necessary in the Transmission Experiments? . . 31 



IX. How Should Experimental Insects be Handled? 32 



III. A General Survey of the Needs of Entomological Sanitation in 

 America 34 



The Insanitary Farm ... . . .35 



How to Improve Farm Sanitation 36 



The Insanitary Town 38 



How to Improve Sanitation 38 



Sanitary Problems of Cities . 39 



Entomological Requirements of Municipal Sanitation 40 



Industrial Sanitation 41 



IV. A General Survey op the Seriousness of Insect Borne Diseases to 

 Armies 43 



V. Relation of Insects to the Parasitic Worms of Vertebrates ... 50 



Mode of Infection of Insect Hosts 61 



Mode of Infection of Vertebrate Hosts . 62 



Species of Worms Found in Insects . . 62 



Cestoda or Tapeworms 63 



Diyylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758) Railliet, 1892 63 



Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819) Blanchard, 1891 .... 54 



Hymenolepis nana (Siebold, 1852) Blanchard, 1891 55 



Choanotcenia infundibulum (Bloch, 1779) Cohn, 1899 66 



Other Tapeworms 57 



Trematoda or Flukes 57 



IX 



