DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES 111 



as the carrier of laboratory epidemics of rabbit and guinea pig septicasmia 

 experienced for several years. 



Bacillus diphtheria Klebs, the cause of DIPHTHERIA, according to 

 experiments performed by Graham-Smith (1910) may be taken up by flies 

 feeding on infected saliva or sputum and may live in the crop and intes- 

 tines of the fly for over 24 hours, and in fact in one experiment he twice 

 recovered it from the feces of flies 51 hours after feeding on bacilli emulsi- 

 fied in broth. 



Bacillus dy sentence "Y" Hiss and Russell, one of the organisms found 

 in DYSENTERY and INFANTILE DYSENTERIC DIARRHEA, was 

 experimented with by Tebbutt (1913) who fed it with blood to larvae of 

 Musca domestica. The eggs from which these larvas were hatched were 

 washed in weak carbolic acid or lysol to disinfect them. Before feeding 

 the larvae on the organism they were carefully washed in weak lysol 

 solution. In a limited number of cases the bacillus was recovered from 

 the pupas and adults of larvae thus fed. 



The Shiga bacillus, Flexner bacillus and parabacillus of dysentery 

 were all isolated on flies in Macedonia and a decided correlation between 

 the incidence of flies and dysentery was established by Col. Dudgeon 

 (1919) and associates. They found the examination of fly feces the 

 most suitable method for the isolation of dysentery bacilli. 



Bacillus enteritidis Gaertner, the cause of FOOD POISONING in 

 man, and epizootic diseases among animals, was experimented with by 

 Graham-Smith (1912), who fed it to the larva? of Calliphora erythro- 

 cephala and Musca domestica, but did not recover it in the adults matured 

 from these larvae. Cox, Lewis and Glynn (1912) isolated a similar 

 bacillus from flies caught in Liverpool. 



Bacillus fecalis alkaligenes Petruschky, a not infrequent inhabitant 

 of the human intestine, which has been associated with a case of severe 

 gastroenteritis, was isolated by Torrey (1912) from the intestinal con- 

 tent of city caught flies in two different instances. 



Bacillus ^uorescens liquefaciens Fluegge, a common organism found 

 in water and air, was fed by Cao (1906B) to larvje of Musca domestica, 

 Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia ccesar, and Sarcophaga camaria, on flesh 

 containing the organisms, and found among the predominant bacteria in 

 the feces of the larva. He found that this organism taken up by the 

 larvae could persist through the pupal stage and be obtained from the 

 feces of flies immediately after their emergence, and when fed to adults 

 it was demonstrated on their eggs when deposited. 



Bacillus fliuorescens nordiquefaciens Eisenberg and Krueger, found in 

 water and in butter, was fed by Cao (1906B) to larvae of Musca 

 domestica, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia casar, and Sarcophaga camaria, 

 and later demonstrated in the feces of the larvas. 



