112 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



Bacillus gasoformans nonliqiiefaciens was found on the body and in 

 the alimentary canal of Musca domestica caught in London by NicoU 

 (1911). 



Bacillus griinthal was found on the body and in the intestines of 

 Musca domestica by Nicoll (1911). 



Bacillus lactis acidi Marpmann, a zymogenic bacillus found in cows' 

 milk, was isolated by Torrey (1912) from the surface of city caught flies. 



BaciUus lactis aerogenes Escherich, which is almost constantly found 

 in milk and is one of the chief causes of souring of milk, was isolated from 

 flies by Cox, Lewis and Glynn (1912). 



Bacillus leprae Hanson, cause of LEPROSY, may be carried by Musca 

 domestica, according to Leboeuf (1913). 



Bacillus mallei Loffler and Shutz may be transmitted by flies according 

 to Rosenau (1916). ■ 



Bacillus Tieapolitarms has been found on, the body of Musca domestica 

 by Nicoll (1911) and Cox, Lewis and Glynn (1912). 



Bacillus oxytocus perniciosus Wyssokowitsch, a pathogenic organism 

 found in milk, has been isolated from the intestines of Musca domestica 

 by Nicoll (1911). 



Bacillus paracoli Duval and Schorer, a pathogenic organism found 

 frequently in the stools of children suffering from summer diarrhea, has 

 been isolated several times by Torrey (1912) in New York, both from 

 the surface and intestines of city caught flies. 



Bacillus paratyphosus "A" Schottmiiller, cause of PARATYPHOID 

 A fever was isolated from the intestinal contents of city caught flies by 

 Torrey (1912). 



Bacillus paratyphosus "B" Schottmiiller, cause of PARATYPHOID 

 B fever, was recovered from the body and intestines of Musca domestica 

 caught in London by Nicoll (1911), with the evidence that it had been 

 carried by the flies at least for 11 days. 



Bacillus pestis Kitasato, the cause of BUBONIC PLAGUE, although 

 normally carried by fleas, has been shown by Yersin (1894) and Nuttall 

 ( 1897 ) capable of remaining in the intestines of flies in a virulent condi- 

 tion for at least 48 hours after infection. Nuttall's experiments indicated 

 that this bacillus is fatal to Musca domestica. 



Bacillus prodigiosus Ehrenberg, a nonpathogenic, zymogenic, and 

 chromogenic organism, was fed by Cao (1906B) to adult flies of Musca 

 domestica, Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia ccesar, and Sarcophaga carnaria 

 and was demonstrated in their feces and on their eggs 24 hours later. 

 Larvffi fed on polluted meat contained the germs in their bodies and 

 carried them through pupation and they could be demonstrated in the 

 intestines of the adult up to nine days after emergence. Ledingham 

 (1911) corroborated Cao's findings of the persistance of this bacillus 



