DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES 113 



throughout the metamorphosis of Musca domesticd. Graham-Smith 

 (1913) found that flies of Musca domestica fed on this bacillus may infect 

 milk for several days, while Calliphora vomitoria flies when infected con- 

 stantly produced infection in milk up to the eighth day and in syrup up 

 to the twenty-ninth day. 



Bacillus proteus vulgaris Hauser, B. p. mirabUis Hauser, and B. p. 

 zenkeri were fed by Cao (1906B) to larvas of Mmca domestica, Calliphora 

 vomitoria, Sarcophaga camaria, and Lucilia ccesar, and were found 

 abundantly in the feces of the larvae so fed. Species of Proteus were also 

 found deposited with the eggs of flies fed on infected flesh. Bacillus 

 proteus vulgaris was isolated by Scott (1917) from Musca domestica 

 caught in Washington. 



Bacillus pyocyameus Gessard associated with SUPPURATING 

 WOUNDS in which blue-green pus is present was isolated in two strains 

 from flies caught in Liverpool by Cox, Lewis and Glynn (1912). Bacot 

 and Ledingham (1911) by carefully controlled experiments have proved 

 that the larvae of Musca domestica fed on infected food retain this bacillus 

 in the gut through the metamorphosis to the adult stage and may dis- 

 tribute it in their excreta. 



Bacillus radiciformis Tataroff', a saprophj'tic organism found in 

 water, was fed by Cao (1906B) to larvae of Musca domestica, Calliphora 

 vomitoria, Lucilia ccesar and Sarcophaga camaria, and recovered from 

 the feces of the larvae. 



Bacillus ruber kielensis Breunig, a chromoparous (red) bacillus found 

 in water at Kiel, was fed by Cao (1906B) to larvae of Musca domestica, 

 Sarcophaga carnaria, Calliphora vomitoria, and Lucilia ccesar, and he 

 demonstrated that the larvae could take it up in all stages of growth, and 

 that the bacilli persisted in their bodies through pupation to maturity. 



Bacillus schafferi Freudenreich, a nonpathogenic, zymogenic organism, 

 found in "pufFy" and "Nissler" cheese, has been found by NicoU (1911) in 

 London on the body and in the intestines of Musca domestica. 



Bacillus septicus agrigermis Nicolaier, a pathogenic organism, was fed 

 by Marpmann (1897) to flies, and 12 hours later the contents of the 

 flies were inoculated into mice, producing fatal infection in a large per 

 cent of the inoculations (Nuttall 1899). 



Bacillus " simdlcarbonchio" Cao, a pathogenic organism similar to 

 Bacillus a/athracis, which produces CARBUNCLES when inoculated, was 

 fed by Cao (1906B) to larvae of Musca domestica, Calliphora vomitoria, 

 Lucilia ccesar and Sarcophaga carnaria and isolated from the feces of 

 the larvae in a very virulent strain. In examinations of many flies caught 

 in the laboratory he occasionally isolated a non-pathogenic, mobile strain 

 of this organism. 



Bacillus subtilis Ehrenberg, an organism frequently found in air. 



