172 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



receive all drip. The lower side should be provided with a concrete ridge 

 projecting about five inches. This edge along the back will hold most 

 of the unconsumed garbage, bones, etc., as they are worked backward, and 

 facilitates thorough cleaning which should be done at not to exceed three- 

 day intervals. 



5. Shade. — If location with plenty of trees can be chosen, this is 

 preferable to sheds for protection from the sun. Where sheds are needed 

 for protection either from sun or rain, they should be built on well drained 

 land and never placed over the feeding troughs. They should be seven 

 feet above the ground so as to permit of easy cleaning. Temporary 

 shade can be constructed extending a few feet over the troughs if desired. 

 6. Contracts. — Annual or longer contracts with the Army or with 

 municipalities are far more desirable than monthly contracts as they en- 

 able the contractor to put up proper feeding facilities which he would not 

 do under short contracts. Contracts should specify the character of feed- 

 ing arrangements and penalize failure to keep the premises in satisfactory 

 sanitary condition. The pens should be given frequent inspection by 

 sanitary officers. 



7. Cleaning of Yards. — In addition to the cleaning of the uncon- 

 sumed garbage from feeding platform the manure should be scraped up 

 and disposed of, especially during rainy weather. During hot dry 

 weather where ample pasturage is used manure is the source of very 

 little fly trouble. 



8. Disposal of Bones. — ^Bones which are not retained on the feeding 

 platform and those which are mixed with uneaten garbage should be 

 collected at four-day intervals and placed in fly-proof bone racks. These 

 can be built of lumber and screened on the outside and provided with 

 fiy-proof cover. It is desirable that the bones be removed entirely from 

 the premises at frequent intervals. 



9. Avoidance of Transporting Flies on Vehicles. — If garbage cans 

 are properly cleaned there is less tendency for flies to follow them than if 

 left dirty. Washing in a moderately weak solution of cresol tends to 

 repel flies from them. The trucks should be washed off' occasionally. 

 There is less danger of flies following trucks back to camps when they are 

 provided with covers. 



10. Quantity Fed. — Feeding so much garbage to hogs that it will 

 not be cleaned up should be discouraged. 



11. Final Disposal of Hog Manure and Unconsumed Garbage. — This 

 material may be scattered thinly over cultivated ground and exposed 

 to the sun or promptly plowed under. Where material is found to be 

 heavily infested with maggots, it is advisable to dump it in piles some dis- 

 tance from the feeding plant and treat it with borax solution. About one 

 pound of borax should be used to each 8 bushels. If the mass is very wet 



