180 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



theater, especially during 1915. It infested wounds and interfered with 

 their proper treatment and also was responsible for many infestations 

 of the genitalia of cows in that region. 



Next in importance comes the flesh fly, Sarcophaga carnaria Linnaeus. 

 This form does not seem so prone to attack living animals as WoMfahrtia 

 magnifica Schiner, but there are numerous cases of myiasis in old sup- 

 purating sores. These may occur in any part of animals or man. In the 

 Petrograd district LucUia caesar Linnaeus is responsible for some cases of 

 myiasis, while in Denmark, Holland, and parts of Germany and France, 

 L. sericata Meigen is concerned in the infestation of wounds. Calliphora 

 erythrocephala Meigen, Musca domestica Linnaeus and Muscina stabu- 

 lans Fallen (plate III, fig. 2) are said to oviposit on corpses on the battle- 

 field soon after death but before putrefaction sets in. 



The larvae of AntJiomyia pluvialis Linnaeus lias been reported as being 

 concerned in auricular myiasis. Probably this species should be con- 

 sidered as a feeder on excreta rather than placed with tissue-destroying 

 forms. 



Africa. — WoMfahrtia magnifica Schiner is reported by Gough in 

 Egypt as being taken from ulcers behind the ears and from orbits of 

 patients in the ophthalmic hospitals. In tropical Africa Lucilia argyro- 

 cephala Wiedemann commonly attacks mammals, man, and birds. Mem- 

 bers of the genus Pycnosoma, which has been included with Chrysomya 

 by some authors, cause myiasis in numerous caases. Pycnosoma megaceph- 

 ala and P. bezziana Vill. are frequently mentioned in literature in con- 

 nection with cases of myiasis in cattle, horses, camels, and other animals, 

 as well as man. P. putorium Wiedemann, P. marginale Wiedemann and 

 Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) Townsend are also concerned. 

 Sarcophagids have been recorded as infesting wounds ; S. Itaemorrhoidalis 

 Fuller and S. regidaris Wiedemann being mentioned in particular. 



Asia. — While there are numerous references to myiasis cases in Asia, 

 our knowledge of the species concerned is limited. Members of the genus 

 Pycnosoma, particularly P- flaviceps Walker, are concerned with cases in 

 India. This species and Lucilia serenissima Fabricius have been men- 

 tioned particularly as being troublesome by attacking cattle after out- 

 breaks of foot-and-mouth disease. It is possible that they may be con- 

 cerned with the spread of this disease in addition to the injury wrought 

 by their burrowing into the tissues. The cosmopolitan Lucilia caesar 

 Linnaeus is responsible for some cases of myiasis. Several Sarcophagidae 

 have been reported as causing nasal myiasis of man in parts of India, but 

 most of these have not been specifically determined. S. ruficornis 

 Fabricius seems to be among those most frequently concerned. 



Australia. — While reports of destructive myiasis in man are com- 

 paratively few from Australia, certain parts are subjected to veritable 



