214. SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



Certain species of Haemoproteus are mentioned in another lecture 

 as transmitted by mosquitoes (see Chapter XVII). 



Mastigophora : Bmucleata: Leucocytozoidae 



Leucocytozoon lovati Sambon and Seligman, the cause of LETJ- 

 COCYTOZOASIS OF THE RED GROUSE, Lagopus scoticus, is sup- 

 posed by Fantham to be likewise transmitted by the grouse fly, Orni- 

 thomyia lagopodis Sharp, in which he found vermicules. 



Mastigophora: Binucleata: Trypanosomidae 



As has been mentioned before, Chalmers' new classification of Trypan- 

 osome genera is used in this volume, although criticized by Mesnil. The 

 value of this classification can be seen in the various lectures in that it 

 groups together species with similar host relationships. The two genera 

 involved definitely in biting fly transmission are Castellanella and Dut- 

 tonella. In the former the final stage in the insect takes place in the 

 salivary glands, and'in the latter, elsewhere in the anterior portions of the 

 insects. Those species which can not be definitely assigned to a genus 

 are left in Trypanosoma (sens. lat.). 



Castellanella a/rmamense (Laveran), cause of an EQUINE TRY- 

 PANOSOMIASIS in Annam, is believed to be carried by Tabanidae and 

 Hippoboscidae according to Castellani and Chalmers. 



Castellanella brucei (Plimmer and Bradford) Chalmers, cause of 

 NAGANA, an African disease affecting many wild and domestic animals, 

 is transmitted normally by bites of the tsetse flies, Glossina morsitans 

 Westwood, G. brevipalpis Newstead, G. pallidipes Austen, G. tachinoides 

 Westwood, and G. fusca Walker, and may also be transmitted by the 

 horse flies Atylotus nemoralis Meigen, and a Tabanus, and by the stable 

 flies Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, and S. glauca. The organism must 

 undergo part of its development in the alimentary canal of the fly. When 

 fully developed it is found in the proboscis and is then capable of being 

 inoculated into animals by the bite of the fly. Trypanosoma sp., cause of 

 AINO, an African disease of cattle probably identical with C. brucei, is 

 suspected by Brumpt to be carried by Glossina longipermis Corti. 



Castellanella dimorphon (Laveran and Mesnil) Chalmers, cause of an 

 African ANIMAL TRYPANOSOMIASIS, is carried by the tsetse flies, 

 Glossina palpalis Robineau-Desvoidy, G. tachinoides Westwood, G. mor- 

 sitans Westwood, and G. longipalpis Wiedemann, and possibly by 

 Lyperosia. The trypanosomes upon being taken up by the fly become 

 established in the hind intestine and gradually extend forward until they 

 reach the proboscis, when they become fixed and assume the leptomonad 

 or crithidial form. 



