DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES 255 



A. sinensis pseudopictus Grassi is recorded by Castellani and Chal- 

 mers as a carrier in Italy. 



A. turkhudi chaudoyei Theobald of Algeria is recorded by Castellani 

 and Chalmers as a carrier. 



A. turkhudi myzomyifacies Theobald was taken in nature carrying 

 sporozoites of Plasmodium in Algeria by Sergent and Sergent ^Hindle). 



A. vincenti Laveran is recorded by Laveran as a carrier in Tonkin 

 (Castellani and Chalmers). 



A. willmori James of Tonkin was taken by Mrs. Adie in nature carry- 

 ing sporozoites of Plasmodium (Hindle). 



Of the above list we may consider therefore as proven malaria car- 

 riers algeriensis, arabiensis, minimus, turkhudi myzomyifacies, and wUl- 

 mori. In the other cases the evidence is not sufficient. 



SUBTERTIAN MALARIA.— Caused by Laverania falciparum 

 Welch (1897) {Laverania malaricE Grassi and Feletti 1890). This fever 

 is also called tertian aestivo-autumnal and malignant tertian malaria. 

 Records of transmission have been made for the following mosquitoes : 



Anopheles albimamis Wiedemann (albipes Theobald) is the common- 

 est carrier in Central and Tropical South America. Seventy per cent of 

 those fed by Darling (1910) became infected. He traced development to 

 the sporozoite stage. 



A, amnulipes Walker, a common Australian species, has been shown 

 by Kinoshita to carry this organism. 



A. argyrotarsis Robineau-Desvoidy is regarded as an undoubted car- 

 rier by Knab (1913) and Ludlow (1914) in the West Indies and South 

 America. Although Darling found zygotes in nature, Hindle questions 

 the species of organism. 



A. barbirostris Van der Wulp of India, Malaysia, and China was 

 recorded as carrier by Stephens and Christophers (Hindle). 



A. costalis Loew was shown by Ross, Annett, and Austen (1900) to 

 carry this organism in Tropical Africa. 



A. crucians Wiedemann was definitely proven a carrier in Louisiana 

 by King (1916) who found oocysts and sporozoites in his experimentally- 

 fed mosquitoes. He found 75 per cent of his mosquitoes infected. 



A. cvlicifacies Giles was shown by Stephens and Christophers to be 

 the commonest Indian carrier. 



A. formosaensis II Tsuzuki was found to be a carrier in Formosa by 

 Tsuzuki (1902) who proved the presence of sporozoites. 



A. fvliginosus Giles was shown to be the carrier in India by Stephens 

 and Christophers who demonstrated zygotes in the mosquito. 



A. fumestus Giles is an active and important malaria carrier in 

 Tropical Africa, its connection with this organism being demonstrated 

 by Daniels. 



