320 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



secticidal. Laundries are to be found in all American cities and have 

 been installed in practically all American cantonments and are found in 

 many European centers. Portable steam laundries were used by the 

 American army, and in the future should always be a part of an army's 

 equipment. There is no resulting damage to the garments if carried out 

 as described below, which is according to standard laundry practice. In 

 all ordinary cases, the following formula is sufficient for the treatment 

 of woolen goods: 



1. Wash fifteen minutes at 131° F. in heavy suds and light load. 



2. Rinse three times, three minutes each, at 131° F. 



3. Extract. 



4. Run in drying tumbler fifteen minutes, at a minimum of 140° F. 

 The goods should not be perfectly dry when removed. 



5. Iron. 



In case the garments are suspected of containing very resistent disease 

 germs, the regular washing formula may be preceded by one of the 

 following measures : 



a. In the washer, run a current of live steam fifteen minutes, revolv- 

 ing cylinder every five minutes, and discharging water of condensation 

 every five minutes. Remove the garments and shake until almost dry. 

 Then turn the hot water into the washer and when the proper tem- 

 perature is reached, put in the garments for the wash as described 

 above. 



b. In the washer, submerge in water at 105° F. for twenty minutes 

 without motion, except a few revolutions every five minutes. Remove 

 the garments until the new water has been brought to 131° F. and then 

 begin the wash as described above. 



Flat work, khaki and cotton underwear are washed by formulae 

 requiring hotter water and are hence thoroughly disinfected and dis- 

 insected. 



2. Drif Cleaning 



Uniforms and overcoats may be preferably dry cleaned rather than 

 washed because of the stain-removing value of the dry cleaning process 

 (Hutchison and Pierce, 1919). In this process the garments are de- 

 loused, disinfected, cleansed, have stains removed, and are pressed. Dry 

 cleaning establishments exist in most large cities. Many of the army 

 cantonments had them installed and some units went overseas with our 

 troops. 



This process is not insecticidal in every step, but is essentially so 

 in a complete process. The gasoline wash, contrary to expectations, will 

 not till all submerged eggs, even after 54 hours. 



