THE BEDBUG AND OTHER BLOODSUCiaNG BUGS 395 



succeed, as the transmission of the disease is apparently only by con- 

 tamination through scratching in or inoculation of infected feces. 



Trypanozoon duttoni (Thiroux) (Trypanosoma), an organism 

 usually found in mice, has been shown by Brumpt to be capable of de- 

 veloping in Cimex lectvlarius. It is usually parasitic in fleas and is 

 transmitted to the mice by their licking up the feces of the fleas or the 

 fleas themselves. It is probably infective by means of bedbugs in the 

 same manner. 



Trypanozoon lewisi (Kent) (Trypanosoma), the cause of RAT 

 TRYPANOSOMIASIS, is usually carried by fleas, but Brumpt (1913a) 

 finds that it can complete its cyclical development in Cimex lectularius, 

 and he infected a rat with an inoculation of the rectal contents of a bug 

 after six days and also after 38 days. 



Trypanosoma (sens, lat.) vespertilionis Battaglia, the cause of BAT 

 TRYPANOSOMIASIS, is transmitted by the bat bedbug, Cimex pipis- 

 trelli Jenyns, according to Pringault. 



Mastigophora: Bimicleata: Leptomonidw 



Leishmania species, the cause of NON-ULCERATING ORIENTAL 

 SORE, passes part of its life cycle in the bug, Erthesima fvllo (Thun- 

 berg), according to Carter. 



Leishmania donovani (Laveran and Mesnil), the cause of INDIAN 

 KALA AZAR, has been thought by many to be transmitted by insects. 

 There is considerable conflicting evidence on the subject, a greater part 

 of which is reviewed very thoroughly by Wenyon. Patton has demon- 

 strated the development of the organism in the bedbugs Cimex hemipterus 

 (rotu/ndatus) and C. lectularius in India. Cornwall and La Frenais fed 

 Cimex hemipterus on citrated rabbit blood containing this organism, 

 through a membrane, and obtained infection of the bugs and development 

 of the parasites for a period of at least 29 days. Cornwall and Menon 

 having shown in previous papers that the bedbug can not regurgitate 

 the contents of its stomach in the act of feeding and therefore can not 

 transmit kala azar or Oriental sore by its bite, and being unable to find 

 evidence of any intracellular stage of the parasite in the bug, turned 

 their attention to the contents of the rectum. No one has been able to 

 demonstrate the presence of any resistant stage in the feces of the bugs, 

 although these authors have found active flagellates, and occasionally 

 rounded forms, as far down as the lower intestines of the infected bugs, 

 in a fairly large proportion of those examined. They failed to find any 

 form which could suggest an extra corporeal resistant stage. They 

 have found active flagellates in the stomach contents of the bugs for 29 

 days. 



