420 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY 



Hindle has found the coccoid bodies within the Malpighian cells of 

 the embryo tick. If the eggs are maintained at 87° C. the coccoid bodies 

 grow out and assume a form which suggests that they are on the way 

 to forming spirochaetes. This indicates hereditary infection. 



Spiroschaudinnia neveuxii (Brumpt), the cause of Senegal FOWL 

 SPIROCHAETOSIS, is spread by Argas persicus, according to Brumpt. 



Spiroschaudinnia novyi (Shellack), the cause of American or Colom- 

 bian RELAPSING FEVER, may be transmitted by Ornithodoros turicata 

 (Duges) Neumann according to Brumpt, 0. megnini (Duges) Neumann 

 according to Doflein, 0. mouhata (Murray) Pocock according to Nut- 

 tall, and Argas persicus (Oken) Fischer Von Waldheim according to 

 Doflein. 



Spiroschaudinnia recurrentis (Lebert), the cause of European 

 RELAPSING FEVER, is normally transmitted by lice and bedbugs, but 

 Manteufel found that the disease could be easily transmitted by Ornitho- 

 doros mouhata. 



Spiroschaudinnia rossii (Nuttall), the causing of East African 

 RELAPSING FEVER, may be spread by Ornithodoros mouhata, 

 according to Nuttall. 



Spiroschaudinnia theileri (Laveran), the cause of BOVINE SPIRO- 

 CHAETOSIS, was proven by Theiler to be transmitted by Boophilus 

 armulatus decoloratus. It may also be transmitted by Rhipicephalus 

 evertsi Neumann. The organism is hereditary in B. annulatus (decolo- 

 ratus) as proven by Laveran and Vallee. The disease appears in 14 

 days after inoculation by a larval tick (Nuttall 1913). 



Telosporidia: Haemogregarinida: Haemogregarinidae 



Haemogregarina (Hepatoaoon) canis (James), the cause of CANINE 

 ANEMIA, has been shown b}'' Christophers to pass its cycle of sporogony 

 in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) Koch; the cycle of schizogony is 

 passed in the dog (fig. 79). Schizogony appears to take place only in the 

 bone marrow and does not take place in the liver or spleen. When a 

 tick sucks the blood of the dog it takes up the encapsuled forms which 

 pass into the stomach. The parasite escapes from the blood of the cor- 

 puscles but is still inside its own envelope. By elongation and passage 

 of the protoplasm behind the nucleus, the oval parasite becomes a vermi- 

 cule. The vermicules enter young epithelial cells lining the lumen of the 

 gut in whose cytoplasm they divide by fission, which often takes place 

 several times, resulting in the secondary formation of four to eight ver- 

 micules lying in a pocket in the cytoplasm of the cell. Two of these 

 secondary vermicules, which apparently do not differ in appearance. 



