2 BUTTER-MAKING. 
to include the animals without horns, while the first includes 
those with horns. 
As the cow’s milk is used chiefly as a food, it has been 
subjected to more extended and more careful investigation 
than the milk of other animals, and, as a consequence, more 
definite knowledge has been obtained concerning its com- 
position, properties, and uses. The succeeding discussions 
have reference to cow’s milk, if not otherwise stated. 
Composition of Milk—It is impossible to get accurate 
figures on the composition of milk, as each of the milk con- 
stituents is subject to fluctuation from various conditions, 
such as individuality of cow, breed, season of the year, lacta- 
tion period, milking, and environment. 
The average composition, as determined by 200,000 analyses 
reported by Richmond as follows: 
WoateDisscsccsaecwr ere cara trnacdtaan S710 
Hatin Gea oo ew pe edwaeboaa ean. on00 
Milk-sugar. ...............0. 2000000002. 4.75 
Enos pee : 4 
The composition of various kinds of milk is given by Konig 
as follows: 
No. of 5 Casein Milk- Specifi 
sera Water. Fat. Pe ae sugar. | Ash Uravity 
Human.......-- 107 87.41 | 3.78 2.29 6.21 .81 | 1.0270 
Mare. .....-...-+- 50 90.78 | 1.21 1.99 5.67 .35 | 1.0347 
Buffalo. ......... 8 82.25 | 7.51 5.05 4.44 -75 | 1.0350 
ASS scene sus ciries 7 89.64 | 1.64 222 5.99 -51 | 1.0345 
Cow. 2. ai severcs 793 87.17 | 3.69 3.55 4.88 .71 | 1.0316 
TW). oisie den Gary 32 80.82 | 6.86 6.52 4.91 -89 | 1.0341 
GOAb 5 fav ccceimoneseus 38 85.71 | 4.78 4.29 4.46 -76 | 1.0328 
SOW ce ey asco ec 8 84.04 | 4.55 7.23 3.23 | 1.05 | 1.038 
Bitehc.s e.qngeser 28 75.44 | 9.57 | 11.17 3.09 .73 | 1.035 
Elephant........ 3 79.30 | 9.10 2.51 8.59 .50 | 1.0313 
Hippopotamus, . . 1 90.43 | 4.51] ...... 4.40 ll 
Camel, .......... 3 86.57 | 3.07 4 5.59 -77 | 1.042 
Llama.......... 3 86.55 | 3.15 3.90 5.60 .80 | 1.034 
