148 BUTTER-MAKING. 
separators; reasons which are, to a large extent, confined to 
local conditions. Only a few of the chief and general reasons can 
be given here: 
(1) The farmer is able to skim the milk at once after it 
has been drawn, thereby enabling him to feed the milk while 
Fic. 78.—The Iowa hand separator. Fic. 79.—The De Laval hand separator 
(Baby No. 1). 
it is in a warm, sweet, unadulterated condition. If he hauled 
the milk to the creamery, the skimmed milk would be likely 
to come back in a sour and curdled condition, and at times 
watery. (In a well-conducted creamery these latter conditions 
do not exist.) 
(2) The high cost of hauling in many instances makes it 
almost impossible to get the milk to the creamery. Even if 
the roads are good, the distance to the creamery is frequently 
so great that it is impossible to get haulers, nor is it practical 
for every farmer to haul his own milk every day. Especially 
is this so during the busy season of the year. In the fall, 
when milk is scarce, it is almost impossible for the hauler to 
