PASTEURIZATION., 183 
is also essential that the pasteurizer should not leak. All the 
steam turned into the pasteurizer should be condensed before it 
is allowed to escape. 
The Cost of Pasteurization.—Dr. Storch in his 43rd report of 
the Royal Agricultural Experiment Station, at Copenhagen, 
Denmark, reports that it requires 80 pounds of steam to heat 
1000 Danish pounds of milk from 40° C. to 85° C. This would 
be equivalent under American conditions to about 90 pounds of 
steam to pasteurize 1000 pounds of milk from 90° F. to 185° F. 
According to good authority it takes 1 pound of lump coal 
to produce 6 pounds of steam. Calculating from this, it will 
take 15 pounds of coal to produce 90 pounds of steam. If 
coal costs $4.00 per ton, the cost of 15 pounds of coal would 
be 8 cents. If the milk tests 3.6% fat, and calculated on 
one-sixth overrun, the 1000 pounds of milk would produce 
about 42 pounds of butter. The cost of pasteurizing the milk 
producing 42 pounds of butter is then 3 cents, and the cost 
of pasteurization per pound of butter would be .07 of a cent. 
Taking into consideration the cost of cooling, and counting 
on about .03 of a cent for leaks involved during the process, 
the cost of pasteurizing per pound of butter would be about 
1 of a cent. As arule, the major portion of the cooling is done 
with water, which at most creameries costs little or nothing. 
For this reason the cost of cooling has been omitted. 
Advancement of Pasteurization—During the last few years 
pasteurization has gained favor with the American creamery 
operators. It has been thoroughly demonstrated that if the best 
product is to be manufactured it is absolutely essential that the 
operator have complete control of the fermentations in the 
cream or milk. This control of the fermentation can best be 
accomplished by the process of pasteurization. Pasteurization 
has been gaining favor with the creamery operators owing to 
its own merits. The Danish Government compelled the pas- 
teurization of milk or cream as a safeguard against tuberculosis. 
It was found not only that the system was efficient in this 
respect, but also that it produced a more uniform product, with 
