SHEPHERDIA 303 



the leaves crisped at edge and no trown scales beneath. A similar spread- 

 ing shrub, to 8 feet, with no spines but with some brown scales on the 

 lower sides of the crisped leaves is Elaeagnus multifl6ra. 



A still smaller shrub, to 6 feet, with brown branches and many 

 brown scales on the lower sides of the oval leaves is Japanese Goumi 

 (535) — Elaeagnus Wngipes. This is common in cultivation and ripens 

 its ornamental fruit very early, June, July. 



The above are all hardy North and well worthy of cultivation. There 

 are two or more evergreen species in cultivation South ; of these the one 

 with silvery-white twigs and no spines is Elsed,gnus macrophylla ; while 

 the shrub with brown and usually spiny tvrigs is Elseagnus piingens. 

 This last is a very variable species, several named varieties having varie- 

 gated foliage. [Seeds ; twig cuttings ; layers ; root cuttings.] 



Hipp6phae.i The Sea Bcckthokn (536) — Hippophae rhamnoides — 

 is an alternate leaved spiny shrub or small tree with foliage covered with 

 silvery scales, like the last genus. It is cultivated mainly for the clustered 

 bright orange-red berries the size of peas, which remain through the winter. 

 The almost linear leaves, grayish-green above and silvery below, give 

 variety and beauty in summer to a shrubbery. As the plant is somewhat 

 dioecious, care must be taken to have stamen-bearing plants enough to 

 fertilize those with pistils, so that the ornamental fruit may be formed in 

 abundance. The small yellowish flowers are clustered in 2's and 3's in 

 May, and the berries ripen in September. 



The Hippophae flower is 2-lobed or 2-parted, while those in Elaeagnus 

 are 4-lobed. [Layers; twig cuttings ; root cuttings; seeds.] 



Sheph^rdia.^ Shepherdias are sUvery-scaled plants similar to the 

 last genus, but the leaves are opposite instead of alternate on the stems. 

 They are not nearly so frequent in cultivation. The only species fairly 

 in the trade is the Buffalo Berry (537) — Shepherdia argfetea, — a 

 thorny shrub or tree reaching the height of 18 feet vrith the foliage silvery 

 on both sides and with small (J inch) globular red or yellow fruit. 

 Another species is a spreading -twiggy shrub 3 to 7 feet high without 

 thorns, but with brownish-scurfy twigs and leaves, and oval hardly edible 

 fruit, Canadian Bdffalo Beery— Shepherdia canadensis, — veryrarein 

 cultivation. These two species are deciduous. There is a small evergreen 

 species from Utah, Shepherdia rotundifdlia, w'ith round-oval silvery- 

 leaves and stalked scurfy berries ripe in July. All the species are more 

 or less dioecious, and so need staminate and pistillate forms in order to 

 produce fruit. [Seeds.] 



1 For general key to plants with silvery scales on their leaves, see p. 304. 



