lyDKX 



4: 



)i 



Animals, aid in soil formation, 100. 



avoid poisonous plants, 222. 



bury seeds, 69. 



combustion in, 35. 



decay of, 381. 



digestion in, 166-172. 



distribute seeds, 323-32.'). 



food needed by, 164, 170. 



give off carbon dioxide. :j.'>. 



how supplied with oxygen, 170. 



protection against. See Proter-tion. 



respiration of, 35. 

 Annual rings, 247. 

 Annuals, seed formation of, 314. 

 Annular traeheids, 227* 229. 230, 231.* 

 Anthers, 288.* 



opening of, 289. 



transformed into leaf-like bodies, S-'iSi. 



withering of, 289. 

 Antibacterial substanr-es, 379. 

 Anticlines, 111. 

 Antipodal cells, 291.* 

 Antirrhinum. See Snapdragon. 

 Antiseptics, 304. 

 Antitoxins, 378, 379. 

 Ants bury seeds, 69. 

 Apium. See ('elory. 

 Apple, effect of fertilization of, ;{iin. 



epidermis of fruit of, 317. 



seed of distributed by l)irds, 32.'. 



stomata of fruit of, 317. 

 Apple Plum. See Plum, Apple. 

 Apricot crossed with Plum, 415.* 

 Aquaria, balanced, 194. 



method of supplying air to, 283*, 



— — — carl)0n dioxide to, 284,* 285.* 

 Arabs preserve Date pollen, 294. 

 Arachis. See Peanut. 

 Arid regions, richness of soil of, 140. 

 Aristotle on the Fig, 310. 

 Arrowhead, 337,* 338,* 342. 



air passages of, 282. 

 Artemisia. See Wormwood. 

 Arteries, 170. 

 Ascent of sap, 224,* 22.',,* 226. 227*-2::L* 



232*-236,* 237.* 2;i9. 240*-243, 25><. 

 Asexual reproduction by spores, 302,* 30.'i. 

 393, 394,* 395.* 396,* 397.* 398,* 899,* 

 401. 402,* 403.* 404.* 



A '^exnal reproduction by vegetative parts. 



433. 

 Ash, leaf -scar of, 212. 



wood of, 230. 

 Ash of plants, 137. 

 Ashes as fertilizer, 152, 153, 154. 



benefit puddled soils, 129. 

 Asparagus, bleaching of. '■'A'S. 



tolerates salt, 350. 

 Aster, cross-pollination of, 304. 



green flowers of, 349. 

 Atavism, 420, 449.* 

 Atriplex. See Salt Bush. 

 Attachment of plant to soil, 87. 



— root -hairs to soil -particles, 119,* 



120,* 121. 

 Attraction of salts, etc., for water, 8, 124, 



217, 336. 

 At water on foods, 173. 

 Australia, Rusts in, 404. 

 Autumnal coloration. 332. 

 Avena. See Oaf. 



Bacteria, 301-389. 

 air-hating, 374, 37.j. 

 air-loving. 374, 375. 

 behaviour of in cultures, 368. 

 cannot live in plants. 378. 

 classification of, 308. 

 cultivation of, 361-365,* 366, 368-370, 



374-375.* 

 denitrifying, 383. 

 disinfectants for. 364. 

 effect of air on, 382, 383. 



heat on. 363, 364. 



light on, 364, 382. 



forms of, 361, 362.* 

 immcrtality of, 368. 

 nitrifying, 383-384. 

 of air, 300, 367. 



— "bloody bread," 368. 



— cholera, 371, 372, 373,* 376. 



— of decay, 381-387. 



— diphtheria, 376. 



— buy, 361-365. 



~ lockjaw, 362,* 378. 



— milk, 372-378. 381. 



— root tubercles, 384, 385. 



— scarlet fever, .'?7(j 



