AETHROPODA. 59 



E. The Abdomen. 



1. How many somites are there in the abdomen? 

 (The first somite and the last two are incomplete.) 



2. Spiracles. 



The spiracles are the openings of breathing tubes 

 (trachese). They are very small and are situated 

 one on each side of the first eight somites. There 

 are also two pairs of spiracles on the thorax. 



3. Ovipositors. 



The ovipositors are two pairs of wedge-shaped struc- 

 tures on the end of the abdomen of the female 

 grasshopper. They are used for depositing the 

 eggs in the ground. 



4. Ear Sacs. 



Look for these under the wings on the first abdomi- 

 nal somite. 



5. Sketch the abdomen, side view. 



6. If live grasshoppers are at hand, find out how 



they breathe by watching the movements of the 

 abdomen. 



F. Drawings. 



1. Draw the grasshopper from a side view with the 



legs and wings arranged in their natural position. 



2. Draw the head from the front view. 



3. Draw the hind-wing outspread. 



G. Suggestive Questions. 



1. What plants do grasshoppers like best? 



2. How are grasshoppers sometimes of great economic 



importance ? 



3. Why are they so much more plentiful some years 



than others ? 



