VERTEBRATA. 



95 



4. How does the anterior portion of a scale differ from 



the posterior portion? (Remove a scale and ex- 

 amine, 1. and l.p.) 



5. What is the color of a scale ? 



6. Draw a scale (2 cm.). 



7. How does a scale from the "lateral line " differ from 



the other scales? (Dem.) Show this by a drawing. 



B. Comparative Study of Scales. 



Prepare a table as indicated below and fill in answers 

 to the following questions, using such scales for 

 the study as your teacher may direct. 



1. 



2. 

 3. 



4. 



5. 



6. 



Do the scales cover the entire body ? 



What parts, if any, are not covered with scales? 



What is the arrangement of the scales with regard 

 to each other? Show this arrangement by a 

 sketch of a small patch of scales. 



Are the scales thin like perch scales or are they 

 thickened ? 



What markings or ornamentations, such as radiat- 

 ing or concentric lines, projections, etc., have the 

 scales? 



What is the use of the scales to each animal ? 



C. The Turtle Sbell. 



1. What parts of the body are not protected by the 

 shell? 



