174 Classified Lists 
with a rich compost of loam, manure, leaf mold and a little sand. 
Add clay to the soil for Hybrid Perpetuals. In planting budded roses 
set the budded parts two or three inches below the surface of the ground, 
to prevent throwing out suckers; press the soil well in about the roots, 
leaving a slight depression about the root so that when watered the 
moisture may be all absorbed. For winter protection, draw the earth 
well up about the roots (for Teas it may be a foot or eighteen inches 
deep); peg down any long branches; cover with a foot or two of coarse 
grass or hay, and over this a few inches of coarse manure—green manure 
will answer, and a part of it may be dug in in the spring. Very hardy 
varieties do not need so heavy a mulch, only a little manure at the roots 
and a few inches of dry leaves and a bough or two to keep them in place. 
It is well to wrap the stalks from six to twelve inches high with tarred 
paper, just before the manure is placed about the roots, as a preventive 
against mice which work close to the ground. When in bud give fre- 
quent weak solutions of liquid manure, and continue through the flower- 
ing season. This may be made by securing a stout burlap bag to a 
barrel hoop, and placing in it a half bushel of manure and suspending 
it in a barrel partly filled with water; or sheep manure in the proportion 
of a pound to five gallons of water, and when used, as much more water 
may again be added. In setting out, prune from one third to one half, 
cutting just above a bud on the outside of the cane, and cut off smoothly 
all broken or bruised roots. At no time prune too severely, as it induces 
vigorous leafy shoots, but no flowers. Pruning a collection of mixed 
roses is a serious matter, and needs much study and knowledge of 
particular varieties. Some may be cut within six inches of the ground; 
others, like the dwarf Hybrid Perpetuals, should be slightly pruned in 
the spring, and cut back at least one half after the blooming season is 
over; others, like the Teas and Hybrid Teas, can bear only a gentle 
pruning, little more than cutting away dead or weak wood when the 
dormant buds begin to swell; otherwise one may mistake live wood for 
dead. Roses may be planted either in the autumn, some say rather 
early, others advise November; or they may be set out in early spring 
while still dormant. They should be taken up every four or five years 
and reset in a new place, or in newly enriched soil. To propagate roses 
take cuttings six inches long late in October or November—after the 
wood has ripened and the leaves have fallen. Tie them in bundles and 
store for the winter in boxes of damp sand set in a cold frame or cellar 
where they will be protected from frost. Or the cuttings may be buried 
