262 THE COMMON COLICS OF THE HORSE 



matter over, one will readily understand that in the case 

 of a complete twist — that is to say, twist of a whole turn — 

 the appearances at first sight, and before the intestines 

 are disturbed, will suggest that twist has not occurred at 

 all, the various portions of the bowel seeming to occupy 

 their normal positions. This, as a matter of fact, they 

 do, but only because the degree of twist is greater. In other 

 words, the bowel has rolled over a second time in the 

 same direction, bringing its various faces into somewhat 

 their original positions, but rendering the incomplete 

 twist a complete one. That twist, and a bad form of it, 

 has occurred is in such a case rendered evident by the 

 changes in the bowel wall caused by strangulation, 

 which changes are confined to the second and third 

 portions. 



Referring to this matter of incomplete and complete twist 

 Cadeac says : 



' In the case of twist of a half turn, the colon being ex- 

 posed, one notices that the vascular face of the second 

 and third portions of the bowel is not in apposition with 

 that of the first and fourth — the superior plane has become 

 the inferior. 



' In complete torsion the vascular face has returned to its 

 original position, . . . the degree of rotation being a 

 complete circle. Strangulation occurs at the point where 

 torsion has taken place. One can see there an anaemic 

 band, pale or rather white, which marks the division 

 between the normal bowel and that which is hyperaemic 

 or haemorrhagic through stasis. The twisted portions 

 are studded with haemorrhages in the form of sanguino- 

 lent suggi nations, or with blackish-red blots of variable 

 size. The meso-colon is infiltrated with coagulated blood 

 and serum ; it is gelatinous and tumified, and its normally 

 thin structure changed in appearance by the occurrence 



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