TORSION OF THE PELVIC FLEXURE 309 



seen to be running in a transverse manner across the 

 abdomen. 



The abnormal position taken up by the bowel will be 

 better understood by a reference to Figs. 8, 9, and 10 on 

 pp. 124, 126, and 127, Fig. 8 representing the normal 

 colon, and Figs. 9 and 10 the particular case of twist I 

 have just related. 



Case 11. — Subject, a ten-years' -old cart mare. 



History — Awgust ^. — During this day the mare was at 

 work carting manure from one of the yards. As in 

 Case I. the ' pull-out ' froni the yard was steep and try- 

 ing. The mare was last seen at 9 p.m. At this time 

 she was turned out into a field for the night, to all 

 appearances quite well. 



August 5, 5 a.m. — The mare was discovered in the 

 field, rolling about in pain, and with marks on her head 

 and hips which denoted that she had been rolling for 

 some time. She was brought up into the yard for treat- 

 ment. 



At 7.30 a.m. I was in attendance. Again, just as in 

 Case I., I was able to see almost at a glance that the 

 case was hopeless. All grave symptoms — haggard ex- 

 pression, troubled pulse, intensely injected membranes, 

 sobbing respirations, and patchy perspirations — were 

 in evidence. The abdomen, although slightly so, was 

 not greatly tympanitic, and the rectum, instead of cling- 

 ing tightly to the inserted arm, was rather inclined to be 

 open, or ' ballooned,' two facts which I regarded as some- 

 what favourable in themselves, but altogether over- 

 balanced by the weight of the symptoms of gravity. 

 When down, too, the mare at times appeared fairly 

 quiet. 



Rectal examination also revealed the presence in the 

 bowel of a small quantity of soft faces, and gave me what 



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