97 
are effective auxiliaries to the services of hygiene and coloniza- 
tion. The observatories of Loanda and Lourengo-Marques are 
celebrated for their work. 
The colonization services have been organized recently. 
The study of regions capable of colonization, where the settle- 
ment of Europeans is likely, owing to the considerable altitude 
of these regions (1,400 to 2,000 metres), deserves the full atten- 
tion of the Portuguese Government. There are at the present 
time good laboratories for bacteriology and the study of para- 
sites in almost all the Colonies. They are directed by former 
pupils of the Lisbon School of Tropical Medicine. Some of 
these young doctors have already done excellent work on 
sleeping sickness, bubonic plague, leishmaniasis, etc. The 
influence of these laboratories is considerable, because they also 
direct the services of disinfection and' sanitary assistance to the 
natives. In these laboratories at Loanda, at Lourengo- 
Marques, at Nova-Goa, much work is done on sleeping sick- 
ness, bubonic plague, and on almost all the scourges which 
from time to time ravage these Colonies. Medical assistance 
for the natives and poor Europeans has been established for a 
long time. In all the Colonies there are hospitals, infirmaries, 
ambulances, and free consultations. The vaccination service, 
notwithstanding the difficulty of making its utility understood 
by the natives, gives good results. Even in the most remote 
Colonies, in Timor, vaccination is practised regularly. There 
are even people who are re-vaccinated without repugnance and 
without fear. The Lisbon Geographical Society, whose work 
on all colonial questions is very conspicuous, is about to send a 
medical mission to Angola for vaccination service in the region 
traversed by the Lobito-Katanga railway. 
Medicaments. are distributed gratis to natives who cannot 
afford to buy rnem. Agricultural labourers, whether working 
on State lands, or on private estates, have the right of 
receiving medicaments gratuitously. 
Several scientific missions have been sent out by the Portu- 
guese Government to study and combat exotic diseases. In 
Angola, in East Africa, and in Guinea, cholera, bubonic plague, 
sleeping sickness, beri-beri, etc., have been the subjects of 
noteworthy scientific investigations, the reports of which have 
been published, either in separate volumes or in the Archives 
of Exotic Hygiene and Pathology, the publication of the 
Lisbon School of Tropical Medicine. 
The names of Professors A. Bittencourt, A. Ropke, J. de 
Magalhaes and Doctors Correa Mendes, F. Sant’Anna, B. 
Costa, and many others, indicate the scientific activity of young 
Portuguese doctors in all that relates to exotic pathology and 
sanitary measures in tropical countries. 
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