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into play I do not believe. I do not believe that you will ever 
keep a large population of white married men with their wives 
and families engaged in tropical agriculture in any part of the 
world, even in Queensland. But that is, of course, a matter 
of personal opinion, which I may be pardoned for expressing. 
It is only necessary for me to say with regard to the health 
problems there that we have never had any difficulty or any 
outbreak of disease. Australia is a very healthy place, even in 
the tropics, and although all our sugar factories there are 
almost on the sea level, and in districts which have a high 
rainfall and are wooded, we have had no outbreak of disease 
and a very small death-rate, because only extremely healthy 
men can take up the work. I think there is nothing I need 
say further about Queensland. In Fiji, on the other hand, 
although the islands are in the same latitude as the districts 
in Queensland where we work, we have had somewhat different 
problems. In the first place, the whole of the field labour is 
supplied by labourers imported from India, and we have to 
care for their wives and children as well as for themselves. In 
speaking of our care for them, I should first state that the 
whole of the Government regulations are very stringent in 
regard to the housing and feeding of the people, so far as the 
feeding devolves upon the employers; and the arrangements 
made, I think, are exceedingly good and effective. I only 
regret that there is not somebody here to-day connected with 
the medical service of Fiji, who could tell you what is done. 
But on the whole our thirty years’ experience in Fiji with this 
labour question has been satisfactory from the point of view 
of health. There also we have no malaria. Another im- 
portant factor is that the wages paid in Fiji exceed very con- 
siderably those which have been stated by Mr. Evans for the 
Malay States. 
Dr. Fernanpo (Ceylon): Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen—I 
should like to make a few remarks in connection with this 
subject from the experience I have gained in Ceylon. I quite 
agree with Dr. Sansom and Mr. Evans as to the importance of 
preventive measures connected with tropical diseases in order 
to secure an improvement of the efficiency of the labour supply 
on tropical estates. As regards Ceylon, we have practically 
three important diseases to contend with, namely, dysentery, 
ankylostomiasis, and malaria. Fortunately for us, both cholera 
and small-pox are efficiently dealt with by the ordinary measures 
of quarantine and vaccination. As regards dysentery and 
ankylostomiasis, general measures of water supply, sanitation, 
and so on will diminish these diseases very rapidly, but as 
regards ankylostomiasis I should like to say that, apart from 
clean water supply and sanitation of estates, we find it 
