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year for the last ten years, and we in Nyasaland, like our 
friends in Uganda, are beginning to abandon the cultivation 
of this variety. The tapping of Ceara rubber in my experience 
is very much influenced by the rainfall. In Nyasaland we 
have two very distinct seasons—-a very wet, rainy season, and 
a dry season. During the dry season the Ceara tree casts 
its leaves. For the first months of the wet season it is putting 
on new foliage, and if you try to tap it then the werk is prac- 
tically futile. From numerous experiments the best results 
I have had with Ceara rubber is a yield of under 4 oz. of rubber 
per tree, and I find the profitable tapping season in Nyasaland 
is only three months. The consequence is that the cultivation 
of Ceara rubber hardly pays in Nyasaland, and it is not 
surprising that the planters as a body should abandon its 
cultivation. There is one spot in Nyasaland where Ceara 
gives results like those mentioned by Mr. Anstead. We have 
a rainfall in that part of Nyasaland of something like 70 in. 
per annum, spread evenly throughout the greater part of the 
year. In that district Ceara rubber does well; but the con- 
ditions there are equally favourable for Hevea brasiliensis, and 
a comparison of tapping expenses, to produce a pound of 
Hevea rubber and a pound of Ceara rubber, leaves a good 
deal in favour of the Hevea tree. 
Professor P. Carmopy (Director of Agriculture, Trinidad): 
These two papers are really very interesting, one being an 
account of the successful cultivation of Ceara, and the other 
an account of an unsuccessful attempt. I would like to know 
from Mr. Anstead what is the nature of the soil and what is 
the rainfall in Southern India, and how that contrasts with 
the conditions under which Ceara trees have been grown in 
Uganda. . 
Mr. AnstEaD: There is very little doubt that the success or 
non-success of the cultivation of Ceara rubber depends almost 
entirely on climate. That is why in Southern India it is only 
in a few districts that any attempt is made to grow it. The 
three districts in which we have cultivated it successfully are 
Coorg, the Mysore State, and the Shevaroy Hills. There we 
have light soils, and it is my experience of Ceara that it 
needs a lightish sandy soil, and will not grow successfully in 
heavy clay. Again rainfalls are light with us; we have 
7o in. in a year, which is hardly anything at all, because 
on our Hevea rubber estates the rainfalls run up to 
250 in. and come at two periods of the year. In the 
particular districts where Ceara is grown, there are periods 
when we get the heavy north-east monsoon, and then we get 
50 in. or 70 in. of rain, distributed over four weeks. The rest of 
