215 
head, to demonstrate locally the results of research, to dis- 
tribute seed of improved varieties of crops, and to carry on 
experiments in their own localities. The constitution of these 
local organizations must depend to some extent on local 
conditions, but it should always have an agricultural, rather 
than a scientific basis. 
THE ORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENTS IN 
RELATION TO RESEARCH WORK. 
By Geratp C. Dupceon, F.E.S.,! 
Consulting Agriculturist, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. 
[ ABSTRACT. ] 
The importance of combining scientific with practical 
methods for the improvement of agriculture is evident, and the 
share of such work which a Government Department must 
take up is that of conducting the scientific research work upon 
the basis of which advice and assistance can be accorded to the 
nation. 
A definition is given showing the difference between demon- 
stration and experiment farms, both of which are necessary 
in connection with research work; the former demonstrating 
results and being conducted with a view to the greatest 
possible monetary return, and the latter constituting the steps 
towards the attainment of results, without any profit being 
contemplated. 
Details of the principal staff required for a scientific section 
of an Agricultural Department, together with their duties, 
based upon what has been found necessary in Egypt, are given, 
as well as references to some indispensable adjuncts in con- 
nection with research work. 
ORGANIZATION OF RESEARCH WORK FOR TROPICAL 
AGRICULTURE. 
By Dr. C. J. J. van Hatt, 
Chief of the Uwvision for Plant Diseases, Department of 
Agriculture, Java. 
[ABSTRACT. ] 
Several branches of science are at the present time 
indispensable to agriculture. The most important are: 
Phytopathology and economic zoology, plant-breeding, 
1 This paper was read for the author by Dr. L. H. Gough, Chief, 
Entomological Section, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt. 
