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will not give the same results. At the same time if I were a 
Gold Coast planter I should not ferment my cocoa, because the 
difference in price is so extremely small. It is, I think, the 
fact that you can dry the fermented beans to a very much 
greater extent than the unfermented, and if any of you carry 
out quantitive determinations on cocoa estates you will find 
it absolutely true that a considerable and unrealized loss of 
weight takes place, and that is why, with every wish in the 
world to do so, I cannot honestly recommend that every man 
should necessarily ferment his cocoa. It is extremely unfor- 
tunate that owing to causes I cannot go into here, the prices 
of different grades have drawn together, and now there is a 
very small difference in price between the good and bad 
qualities. I think if I were a planter and had steam available 
I should adopt Professor Perrot’s method. I would steam 
the beans, and subject them to a temperature not exceeding 
140° F., and so get a brown or a red bean, and at the same 
time gain something in the way of a pleasant flavour. I would 
commend that to the attention of the Congress. 
Dr. H. A. A. Nicwotts (Dominica): Mr. Chairman—The 
question I wish to raise is that of shade for cocoa. I will illus- 
trate its importance by some facts concerning two islands close 
together in the West Indies. Trinidad has been associated 
with the cocoa industry from time immemorial, and nearly 
the whole of its cocoa estates have an immense amount 
of shade on them; indeed, cocoa cultivation there is practically 
the undergrowth of a forest. I think in many instances shade 
trees are planted before the cocoa. Now going from there 
to Grenada, an island well known in regard to its cocoa pro- 
ducts, you find nearly the whole of the cocoa is planted without 
shade. Now we have heard from Professor Carmody—and we 
could not hear it from a higher authority—that the yield of 
dry cocoa in Trinidad is about 2 lb. per tree, but in Grenada 
the yield is nearer 5 lb. than 2 lb. I remember about twelve 
years ago at an Agricultural Conference at Trinidad at which 
your Chairman and I were both present, the question of shade 
was brought up, but the discussion did not proceed very far, 
because nobody there knew much about it. I understood that 
experiments were about to be undertaken in Trinidad regarding 
the effect on the productivity of cocoa trees of shade and no 
shade, but I am not aware that anything has been published. 
The question deserves serious consideration in view of the 
difference in yield of 3 lb. per tree to which I have referred. 
I need hardly tell you that this difference means probably the 
difference between a profit and a loss. 
Mr. H. A. Tempany (Superintendent of Agriculture, Leeward 
